基于RNA恒温扩增技术分析天津地区呼吸道感染住院儿童肺炎支原体感染的流行病学特点

目的 分析天津地区呼吸道感染住院儿童肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行病学特点,探讨RNA恒温扩增技术(SAT)在MP检测中的应用。方法 收集2016年5月-2018年5月在天津市儿童医院住院的1 782例呼吸道感染患儿的MP-RNA检测结果和其他临床资料,进行回顾性分析。结果 2016年5月-2018年5月天津市儿童医院呼吸道感染住院儿童MP总检出率为39.79%,男性患儿MP检出率为36.62%,女性为43.63%,女性患儿平均年龄及MP检出率均高于男性(χ²=9.04,P<0.05)。MP感染见于各年龄组住院儿童,新生儿与婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前期组和学龄期组患儿的MP检出率分别为9.76%、26.28%、48.08%和63.51%。MP感染全年可见,春夏秋冬四季检出率分别为23.15%、31.65%、59.50%和44.73%,秋冬季MP检出率高于春夏季(χ²=114.70,P<0.05)。肺泡灌洗液、痰液、咽拭子和胸腹水的MP-RNA阳性率分别为77.89%、20.38%、32.15%和27.27%。MP-RNA与MP-DNA检测结果存在差异(P<0.05)。结论 天津地区呼吸道感染住院儿童中,女性患儿MP检出率高于男性,总的MP检出率随着患儿年龄的增大而增高,MP检出率秋季最高,肺泡灌洗液MP-RNA阳性率明显高于其他标本类型。RNA恒温扩增技术适用于MP感染早期诊断和病情监测。

Epidemiological analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children in Tianjin region based on RNA constant-temperature amplification

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Tianjin and to explore the application of RNA constant temperature amplification technology in the detection of MP, the MP-RNA test results and other clinical data of 1 782 children with respiratory tract infection who were hospitalized in Tianjin Children’s Hospital from May 2016 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The results showed that the total MP infection rate of the hospitalized children with respiratory infection in Tianjin Children’s Hospital was 39.79% from May 2016 to May 2018, the MP infection rate in male patients was 36.62%, and that of females was 43.63%. The mean age and MP infection rate of female patients were higher than those of males (P<0.05). MP infection was found in hospitalized children of all age groups, the MP infection rates of neonate and infant group, toddler group, preschool-age group and school-age group were 9.76%,26.28%,48.08% and 63.51%, respectively. MP infection was found throughout the year in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection, the infection rate was 23.15%,31.65%,59.50% and 44.73% in the spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, the MP infection rate in autumn and winter was higher than that in spring and summer (P<0.05). The positive rates of MP-RNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, throat swab, and pleural effusion were 77.89%, 20.38%, 32.15%, and 27.27%, respectively. There was a difference between MP-RNA and MP-DNA test results (P<0.05). In Conclusion, among the hospitalized children with respiratory infections in Tianjin, the infection rate of MP was higher in females than that in males, the rate increased with the increase of age, the highest MP infection rate was in school-age children, the MP infection rate in autumn was significantly higher than that in other seasons, and the positive rate of MP-RNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly higher than in other specimen types, RNA constant-temperature amplification technology was suitable for early detection of MP infection.