Effect of Dietary Fat and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Urinary Eicosanoids and Sex Hormone Concentrations in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial |
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| Authors: | Lindsay R Young Mindy S Kurzer William Thomas J Bruce Redmon Susan K Raatz |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition , University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota, USA;2. Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;3. Department of Medicine , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;4. Department of Food Science and Nutrition , University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota, USA;5. USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Center , Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA |
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| Abstract: | Substantial evidence relates increased sex hormone concentrations with increased breast cancer risk. Varying omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) intake may lead to alterations in eicosanoid balance and changes in circulating sex hormones that reduce risk. To clarify effects of dietary fat and n-3 FA intake on breast cancer risk markers, circulating sex hormones and urinary eicosanoids were measured in response to controlled feeding of diets designed to increase plasma concentrations of n-3 FA. A controlled cross-over feeding trial in postmenopausal women was conducted using 3 diets: high fat (HF; 40% energy from fat), low fat (LF; 20% energy from fat), and low fat plus n-3 FA (LFn3; 20% of energy from fat plus 3% of energy from n-3 FA) in 8-wk feeding periods. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid n-3 increased with the LFn3 relative to HF and LF (P < 0.0001). Plasma estradiol increased by 51% with HF (P = 0.03). Urinary prostaglandin E metabolite increased with HF relative to LF (P = 0.02) and urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 increased with HF (P = 0.01). These results do not support a role of n-3 FA in the reduction of sex hormone levels. |
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