胆脂瘤中耳炎与咽鼓管上隐窝

目的探讨咽鼓管上隐窝及其与上鼓室空气通道的状态在胆脂瘤中耳炎发病过程中的意义。方法观察胆脂瘤中耳炎52例（52耳，观察组）及乳突气化良好无慢性中耳炎病史的外伤性面神经麻痹患者16例（16耳，对照组）术中咽鼓管上隐窝及其与上鼓室通道开放状态。结果对照组16耳均呈清晰的咽鼓管上隐窝结构，呈膜性闭锁4耳（25．0％）。观察组52耳（100％）咽鼓管上隐窝与上鼓室前方呈完全闭锁，无相通病例。与对照组差异有统计学意义（Х^2=46．421，P=0．000）。其中骨性闭锁34耳（65．4％），膜性闭锁18耳（34．6％）；上鼓室空间狭小。全组均为硬化或气化不良型乳突。结论咽鼓管上隐窝与上鼓室的气流通道闭塞更容易造成上鼓室和乳突负压状态，可能是形成胆脂瘤的原因之一；咽鼓管上隐窝与上鼓室通道的解剖学变异可能是胆脂瘤中耳炎的易患因素。提示胆脂瘤中耳炎行完壁式鼓室成形术时开放该通道可能有助于防止术后复发。

Cholesteatoma otitis media and supratubal recess

OBJECTIVE: To study the significance of supratubal recess and its aeration pathway to epitympanum in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma otitis media. METHODS: Fifty-two ears of cholesteatoma were selected as study group. Sixteen ears of traumatic facial palsy with pneumatic mastoid, which had no history of chronic otitis media were selected as control group. The status of supratubal recesses of all and their aeration pathways to epitympanum were observed in operations. RESULTS: Sixteen ears from control group clearly presented supratubal recesses. Membrane closure was founded in four of them. The aeration pathways of fifty-two ears (100%) from study group were all completely closed. Comparing with control group, the difference was obviously significant (chi2 = 41.7144, P = 0.000). Among these cases, bony closure was observed in thirty-four ears (65.4%), while membrane closure in eighteen ears (34.6%). Their epitympanum space was very narrow and mastoid was sclerotic or poorly developed. CONCLUSIONS: Blockage of the aeration pathway between supratubal recess and epitympanum was possible one of the origins of negative-pressure status of epitympanum and mastoid, which might lead to the formation of aural cholesteatom. Anatomy variation of the aeration pathway from supratubal recess to epitympanum might be a pathogenesis factor of cholesteatoma otitis media. It suggested that opening the aeration pathway in tympanoplasty with intact canal wall up technique might be helpful to prevent recurrence of aural cholesteatoma.