老年男性急性尿潴留患者留置导尿管后尝试撤管研究

目的 研究使用α受体阻滞剂以及留置导尿时间对良性前列腺增生(BPH)导致急性尿潴留(AUR)患者尝试撤管成功率的影响.方法 对2007年1月至2009年12月因BPH导致初发AUR至泌尿科急诊的124例患者进行观察,年龄62～90岁,平均71.3岁;随机分为两组:(1)服药组60例,尝试撤管前2～3 d服用α受体阻滞剂4 mg/次,1次/d,其中30例患者留置导尿时间为3 d,30例患者留置导尿时间为7 d;(2)对照组64例,其中30例患者留置导尿时间为3 d,34例患者留置导尿时间为7 d.同时随访两组患者于撤管时中段尿细菌培养,以及撤管是否成功.结果 (1)服药组尝试撤管成功率71.7%优于对照组的53.1%(x2=4.523,P=0.033),服药组中导尿管留置7 d的成功率83.3%,优于导尿管留置3 d的成功率60.0%(x2=4.022,P=0.045).对照组中,导尿管留置7 d的成功率67.7%优于导管留置3 d的成功率36.7%(x2=6.143,P=0.013).(2)随访6个月结果显示留置7 d患者第2次的AUR发生率、择期手术率均较留置3 d明显降低(x2=4.538,P=0.033).(3)导尿管留置7 d的感染率为20.3%与导尿管留置3 d的16.7%,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.272,P=0.603).结论 α受体阻滞剂能提高AUR患者尝试撤管的成功率,导尿管留置7d尝试撤管的成功率较国外研究的3 d明显升高,而患者合并尿路感染的几率增加无统计学意义.

A study of a trial withdrawing of the urethral catheter in patients with acute urinary retention caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia under the treatment of alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker

Objective To observe the influence of using alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker and catheterization time on the success rate of a trial without catheter (TWOC) in patients with acute urinary retention (AUR) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods The 124patients from January 2007 to December 2009,aged 62-90 years (mean age 71.3 years),diagnosed as AUR caused by BPH in emergency room,were enrolled in this study.They were randomized to two groups:(1) Medication group:60 cases,who were given alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker 4 mg daily for 2-3 days before TWOC.Among them,there were 30 cases with catheterization for 3 days,and the rest 30 cases for 7 days;(2)Control group:64 cases,who were without alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker.Among them,there were 30 cases with catheterization for 3 days,and the rest 34 cases for 7days.The urine culture was made when the catheter was drawn out.Results (1)The success rate of TWOC was higher in medication group than in control group (71.7% vs.53.1%,x2 =4.523,P=0.033).Both in medication group and control group,the success rate was higher in patients with catheterization for7 days than for 3 days (83.3% vs.60.0%,x2=4.022,P=0.045;67.7% vs.36.7%,P=0.013).(2)After follow-up for 6 months,the patients with catheterization for 7 days had lower incidence rate of second AUR and selective operation (x2 =4.538 and 4.709,P=0.033 and 0.030).(3)There was no significant difference in rate of urinary infection between the patients with catheterization for 7 days and for 3 days (20.3% vs.16.7%,P = 0.603).Conclusions Alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker could increase the success rate of TWOC,and the success rate of TWOC is much higher in patients with catheterization for 7 days than for 3 days,while the urinary infection rate is not significantly increased.