CT-guided cutting needle biopsies of thoracic lesions in patients with negative bronchoscopic findings

Purpose

The usefulness and the complication rate of CT-guided core biopsies for obtaining specimens for histopathological examinations in patients with uncertain thoracic lesions were evaluated.

Materials and methods

Under local anesthesia CT-guided core biopsies were performed in 121 patients using tru-cut systems (14?C18?gauge). Prior to CT all patients underwent bronchoscopy without obtaining sufficient material for a definite histopathological diagnosis. The following areas were punctured: lungs 84 (69%), pleura, chest-wall, ribs 24 (20%) and mediastinum 13 (11%). The diameter of the punctured lesion averaged 4.3?cm.

Results

Using CT-guided puncture techniques specimens could be obtained in 118 (97.5%) out of 121?patients. Of these 118 specimens 3 (2.5%) showed marked artifacts and necrosis, which obscured a definite histopathological opinion. In the end the biopsies from 115 (95.0%) out of 121 patients could be used whereby 84 (73.0%) were classified as malignant and 31 (27.0%) as benign. Due to further operations or bronchoscopic procedures in 35?patients additional material was obtained for histopathological tests. In 3 (8.6%) of those 35?patients newly malignant disease was diagnosed, therefore these specimens showed a relevant discrepancy as compared to the result of the CT-guided biopsy. Obviously the vital central part of the tumor was not biopsied due to poor delineation caused by peritumoral infiltration. A small pneumothorax or haemoptysis was seen in 17 (14.3%) out of 121?patients.

Conclusions

Despite negative bronchoscopic findings CT-guided core biopsies will deliver sufficient specimens for histopathological tests in 95% of patients with uncertain thoracic lesions. Infiltrations surrounding the vital part of the tumor may obscure the correct targeting and lead to false negative results in a few patients. Severe complications were not seen in this study, although they might happen in rare cases according to reports in the literature. Therefore CT-guided core biopsies represent an efficient and safe procedure in patients with thoracic lesions.