Cardiac operations in patients with low-grade small lymphocytic malignancies

BACKGROUND: Low-grade small lymphocytic (B cell) malignancies (encompassing chronic lymphocytic leukemia and some types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma) are diseases of the elderly. Open cardiac procedures are known to have increased risk of postoperative infection and other morbidities in these immunodeficient patients. Outcome of open cardiac procedures in these patients was reviewed retrospectively. PATIENTS: Thirteen patients (aged 58-82 years, 11 men, 2 women) with these lymphocytopathologic diseases (8 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 5 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma) underwent cardiac operations between January 1977 and June 1998. Mean age was 72 +/- 2.1 years. Isolated coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 11 and combined procedures and double valve replacement were performed in 1 each. Preoperatively, 9 patients were in a low-risk clinical stage. Mean preoperative duration of lymphocytopathologic disease was 6.1 +/- 1.6 years. Mean preoperative New York Heart Association functional class was 2.8. RESULTS: There was no operative death. Average stay in the intensive care unit was 41.4 +/- 8.6 hours. Postoperative leg and superficial sternal wound infections were encountered in 3 patients. Average postoperative hospital stay was 10.0 +/- 1.7 days. During the follow-up up to 72 months, 1 patient underwent a second cardiac operation. There was 1 late death 4 years later. Coronary stenting was done in 1 patient and a cardioverter-defibrillator was implanted in another patient for recurrent angina. Three patients underwent chemotherapy. Cardiac and lymphocytopathologic status remained stable in others. CONCLUSIONS: Acceptable outcome may be anticipated after cardiac operations in patients with low-grade chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in early stages. However, the possibility of infection and progression of cardiac and lymphocytopathologic status in these patients should call for caution.