苍耳子“毒性”及现代毒理学研究进展

苍耳子为历代中医临床治疗鼻渊要药，有小毒，属传统记载的有毒中药。现代药理研究苍耳子具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、镇痛、降血糖、抗过敏等作用。现代临床医学中苍耳子为鼻科常用药，尤其多用于治疗慢性鼻炎、慢性鼻窦炎。但临床中常因长期、过量、反复使用苍耳子以及其炮制不当或者未经炮制使用而发生中毒。毒理学研究提示其对多脏器均有损伤，主要对肝脏和肾脏的损害较为严重。查阅大量中外文献，综述苍耳子功效及毒性、化学成分和毒理方面的研究进展，并对其“效－毒”相关性问题进行探讨。

Advances in studies on toxicity and modern toxicology ofXanthii Fructus

Xanthii Fructus is commonly used by clinical medicine in rhinology throughout the ages. It belongs to the documented toxic traditional Chinese medicine. According to the modern pharmacological studies, Xanthii Fructus has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypoglycemic, and anti-allergy effects. It is commonly used in rhinology, especially used in the treatment of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. However, the clinical long-term, excessive, repeated, and without preparation or in inappropriate preparation use of Xanthii Fructus may cause poisoning. Toxicological studies suggest that Xanthii Fructus can lead to multi-organ damage, severely in the liver and kidney. Referring to a large number of domestic and foreign literatures, the progress of efficacy, toxicity, chemical composition, and toxicology of Xanthii Fructus has been reviwed. The correlation between efficacy and toxicity of Xanthii Fructus has been discussed as well