接铅工人肾结石患病情况和红细胞计数及血红蛋白含量的变化

目的探讨长期接触铅作业工人肾结石患病率以及红细胞和血红蛋白的变化情况。方法以某蓄电池企业222名铅作业工人为观察组，以某卷烟厂的854名工人为对照组。采用B超检查2组工人是否患肾结石，并按性别和不同年龄分组比较肾结石患病率有无差异。用三分类血球计数仪检查观察组工人血液中红细胞计数和血红蛋白含量。检测该蓄电池厂空气中的铅烟和铅尘浓度。结果空气中的铅尘和铅烟超标率分别为62．5％和80％。观察组30～49岁男性肾结石的患病率明显高对照组（P〈0．05）。观察组20～29岁男性肾结石的患病率和对照组相比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2组女性肾结石的患病率相比较，差异无统计学意义（P=1）。观察组男性红细胞计数的中位数是5．37×10^12／L，高于正常参考值范围的上限值（P〈0．05）。观察组男性的血红蛋白含量和女性的红细胞数、血红蛋白含量与正常参考值范围的上限值比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论30～49岁男性接触铅可以使其患肾结石的概率增高，并使其红细胞计数增加。

Prevalence of Renal Calculus among the Lead-Exposed Workers and Their Red Cell Counting and Hemoglobin Content

Objective] To explore the prevalence of renal calculus among the lead-exposed workers and their red cell counting and hemoglobin content. Methods]222 workers in a storage battery plant and 854 workers in a cigarette plant were selected as the lead exposure group and the control group respectively; B-ultrasonic was adopted to detect renal calculus in the two groups; comparison was made on the morbidity; three classification haematometer was used to observe the red cell counting and hemoglobin content; detection was made on the density of lead smoke and lead dust in the storage battery plant. Results ] The exceeding rates of lead dust and lead smoke were 62.5% and 80% respectively; the morbidity of renal calculus among the male workers aged between 30 and 49 in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; while that of the male workers aged between 20 and 29 was proved to have no significant difference with that of the control （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; no significant difference was found among the females between the two groups （ P = 1 ） ; the median of the red cell counting among the male workers in the observation group was 5.37 × 10^12/L, which was higher than that of the normal reference value range { P 〈 0.05 ） ; no significant difference was found in the red cell content of the males and red cell counting and hemoglobin content of the females in the observation group （ P 〉0.05 ）. Conclusion] Lead exposure can lead to the increase of renal calculus morbidity and the red cell counting among the male workers aged between 30 and 49.