湖南省常住居民营养与健康状况现状分析

目的 了解湖南省10年来居民膳食摄入和营养状况的变化以及与之相关的慢性非传染性疾病的分布情况。方法 采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样法抽取了长沙市芙蓉区、茶陵县、澧县、石门县和保靖县的2700户为调查点。按照统一方案，分别对调查对象进行了问卷调查；包含血压、身高、体重和腰围等测定的体格检查和血红蛋白、血糖和血脂等实验室检测。结果 调查结果显示湖南省人均营养素的供给充足，与1992年结果比较，全省居民膳食结构变化显著，主要表现在谷物类摄入减少，动物类和脂肪类食物摄入增加，农村膳食结构趋向合理，而城市食物结构失衡。体检结果显示全省成人超重和肥胖患病率分别为15．46％和3．35％，高血压患病率为15．38％，贫血患病率为19．11％，血糖超标率为3．54％；血脂不正常的占13．5％。结论 2002年营养调查结果提示：随着社会经济快速发展，10年来人民生活水平有了进～步提高，生活方式也有了很大改变，但伴随这种变化对人们健康造成的隐患没有引起全社会的重视，继1992年后，膳食失衡加重，肥胖和高血压患病率升高。因此合理引导膳食消费，提倡健康生活方式，预防和控制慢性非传染性疾病是今后10年我们面临的严重挑战。

An Analysis of Residents' Nutrition and Health Status in Hunan Province in 2002

Objective To understand the changes of residents' food consumption and nutrition situation in decade and describe the distribution of chronic non- communicable disease such as high blood pressure, diabetes and obese in Hunan Province. Methods 2 700 households from Changsha Furong district, Chaling, Lixian, Shimen and Baojing counties were sampled by stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The questionnaires with interviewer, dietary survey , anthropometric assessment and biochemical test were adopted in this study. Results The result showed that the intake of percapita nutrients was sufficient and the change of dietary patterns was remark in decreases of cease food intake and increases of fat food intake, which caused dietary patterns imbalance. The prevalence of overweight and obese was 15.46% and 3.35% respectively. The prevalence of blood pressure was 15.38%, anemia rate was 19.11%. The rate of abnormal blood sugar was 3.54%, the rate of abnormal blood lipid was 13.5%. Conclusion The results of nutrition survey in 2002 remain that social economy develop quickly with rising of people's living level and changes in life style, but all society do not pay more a attention to the potential health problems caused by these changes. Since 1992, imbalance of dietary patterns had become more and more serious. Therefore, reasonable direction of food consumption, promotion of healthy life style, prevention and control of chronic non- communicable disease are serious challenge we are to face in the following 10 years.