滨州市1984～2004年肾综合征出血热发病及其影响因素分析

[目的]了解滨州市流行性出血热流行因素,找出主要的影响因素,为制定下一步的控制计划提供科学依据。[方法]对1984~2004年的疫情动态及区域、年龄、性别、职业、季节诸因素进行分析,与鼠密度、温度、湿度、降雨量及人均收入、习俗、生活卫生状况等进行相关分析。[结果]1984年发现首例病人至2004年共发生5 592例,病死31例;发病最小年龄3岁,最大年龄86岁;20~39岁发病率最高,其次是6~9岁的儿童;男性发病率是女性的2.10倍;农民发病率最高,其次是工人(包括打工者);3~6月是高发期,8~10月是低发期,21年间有流行期和非流行期;发病率的高低与人们的户外活动多少有关,与鼠密度大小和鼠活动习性有关;人们不良习俗、生活卫生状况亦是造成发病率升高的一个重要原因。[结论]实施以灭鼠为主的预防措施不能从根本上控制疫情的流行,疫苗接种能起到有效的免疫屏障作用。今后实施以预防接种为主、灭鼠及改变人们的不良习俗为辅的综合性干预措施,就会有效控制疫情的发生与流行。

Analysis of Epidemic Factors of Hemorrhage Fever in Binzhou City from 1984 to 2004

[Objective]To study the infection factor of epidemi c hemorrhage fever at this locality,in order to find out the major ingredients,and provide scientific proofs to measuremaking for disease control.[Metho ds]To make correlative analysis between epidemic situation,region,age structure,sexual distinction,vocation,season,and rat density,temperature,humidit y,rainfall,per capita income,convention,sanitary condition in 21 years. [Results]There were 5 592 cases since 1984 in which first case was dis covered to 2004,31 cases died.The case ages ranged from 3 to 86,the highest mor bidity age was20-39,the second was 6-9 children.The man' s morbidity was 2.1 ti mes as high as women.The peasant was the highestmorbidity vocation,the second was the worker.The high morbidity month was 3th-6th month,the low morbidity monthwas 8th-10th month.There was epidemical period and non-epidemical period among 21 years.The morbidity was related topeople's outdoor exercise,also related to density and character of mouse.Bad convention and sanitary condition were alsoi mportant reasons for morbidity rising.[Conclusion]Prevention which gave first place to rodenticide could not control theepidemic situation essentially.Vaccination could make an effective i mmunity for the disease.Comprehensive preventionmeasure which give first place to vaccination,assist of rodenticide and changing people's bad sanitary condition can effectu-ally prevent epidemic situation fromtaking place and spreading.