抗菌药物不良反应73例分析

目的:分析抗菌药物不良反应及其发生因素。方法:回顾性分析2018年4月至2020年9月南城县人民医院发生不良反应的110例临床资料,其中由抗菌药物引发的有73例,对其年龄、性别、发生不良反应的药物种类、累及系统及临床症状表现进行分析,并对抗菌药物不良反应产生的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:使用青霉素类、头孢类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类抗菌药物的患者各为17例、26例、9例、15例、6例,发生抗菌药物不良反应的有青霉素占23.70%;头孢类抗生素占36.16%;大环内酯类占13.22%;喹诺酮类占19.44%;其他占7.48%;发生抗菌药物不良反应累及系统有皮肤及附件占35.62%,神经系统占19.18%,呼吸系统占15.07%,胃肠道系统占23.70%,泌尿系统占7.48%,心血管系统占10.96%;单因素结果表明性别、年龄、家族用药不良反应无统计学意义(P>0.05);过敏史、使用药物种数、用药途径是导致抗菌药物发生不良反应的高险因素(P<0.05);多因素logistic分析结果表明:使用药物种数、用药途径是导致抗菌药物发生不良反应的独立因素(P<0.05)。结论:抗菌药物不良反应较普遍,其中头孢类抗生素占比最高,对皮肤及附件系统影响较大,过敏史、使用药物种数、用药途径是导致抗菌药物发生不良反应的高险因素,因此加强抗菌药物使用知识的学习及管理对临床合理使用药物至关重要。

Analysis of Adverse Antibacterial Drug Reaction and Reasonable Drug Use

Objective:To discuss the adverse reactions of antibacterial drugs and analysis of rational drug use.Methods:The clinical data of 110 cases of adverse reactions in Nancheng County People's Hospital from April 2018 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed,including 73 cases caused by antibiotics.The age,gender,types of drugs with adverse reactions,involved system and clinical symptoms were analyzed,and the factors of adverse reactions were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:The results showed that 17 cases,26 cases,9 cases,15 cases and 6 cases were treated with penicillins,cephalosporins,macrolides and quinolones respectively.Penicillins accounted for 23.70%of the patients with adverse reactions to antibiotics.Cephalosporin antibiotics accounted for 36.16%;Macrolides accounted for 13.22%;Quinolones accounted for 19.44%;Others accounted for 7.48%;The adverse reactions of antibiotics involved the skin and appendices 35.62%,the nervous system 19.18%,the respiratory system 15.07%,the gastrointestinal system 23.70%,the urinary system 7.48%,and the cardiovascular system 10.96%.Univariate results showed that there was no statistical significance in gender,age and family adverse reactions(P>0.05).The history of allergy,the number of drugs used and the route of drug use were the high risk factors for adverse reactions to antibiotics(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the number of drugs used and the route of drug use were independent factors leading to adverse reactions of antibiotics(P<0.05).Conclusion:Adverse reactions of antibacterial drugs are common,among which cephalosporin antibiotics account for the highest proportion,which has a greater impact on the skin and accessory system.Allergy history,number of drugs used,and route of administration are high-risk factors leading to adverse reactions of antibacterial drugs,so strengthen The learning and management of antibacterial drug use knowledge is very important for clinical rational use of drugs.