2009-2019年北京市恙虫病流行特征分析

目的 分析北京市2009-2019年恙虫病的流行特征,掌握疫情变化趋势,为恙虫病的防控提供科学依据。方法 收集北京市2009-2019年报告的恙虫病病例资料,使用WPS office表格工具进行数据处理及图表绘制,SPSS statistics 21.0进行统计分析,SatScan 9.5进行时空扫描分析,Mapinfo 9.5进行空间分布时空扫描结果可视化。结果 2009-2019年北京市共报告恙虫病病例1 060例,年平均发病率为0.49/10万。2009-2015年发病率呈上升趋势,2015-2018年呈下降趋势,2018-2019年病例报告数再次上升。北京市恙虫病病例报告涉及全北京10个区(县),其中发病率最高的地区为平谷区,平谷区病例报告数占发病总数的90.19%(956/1 060)。恙虫病发病高峰期在秋冬季,9-11月报告病例数占发病总数的98.02%(1 039/1 060),10月为发病高峰。50~59岁是主要的发病年龄,占发病总数的32.83%(348/1 060),不同年龄段对疾病发生率的差异有统计学意义(χ²=8480.0,P<0.001),发病人群中男女各半,各年龄段发病人群中因性别产生的差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.795,P=0.373)。农民为恙虫病发病率最高人群,占发病总数的75.00%(795/1 060)。结论 北京市恙虫病发病水平较高,发病季节和地区较为集中,发病人群相对固定,应在恙虫病高发季节对重点人群进行监测,采取健康教育等预防干预措施,降低恙虫病的发病水平。

Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Beijing during 2009-2019

This study aimed to analyze the epidemic characteristics of scrub typhus in Beijing during 2009-2019,and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of scrub typhus.The case data for scrub typhus reported in Beijing during 2009-2019 were collected.WPS office was used for data processing and chart drawing,IBM SPSS statistics 21.0 was used for statistical analysis,SaTScan 9.5 was used for spatiotemporal scanning analysis,and Mapinfo 9.5 was used for visualization of spatiotemporal scanning results.During 2009-2019,1060 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Beijing,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.49/100000.The incidence rate increased in 2009-2015,a downward trend occurred in 2015-2018,and the number of case reports in 2018-2019 rose again.The peak incidence was in the autumn and winter,and the number of reported cases accounted for 98.02%(1039/1060)of the total number in 9-11 months.The main age of onset was 50-59 years,accounting for 32.83%(348/1060)of the total.The difference in disease incidence among age groups was statistically significant(χ²=8480.0,P<0.001),there was no difference in incidence according to sex,and the difference in incidence in age groups according to sex was not statistically significant(χ²=0.795,P=0.373).Most patients were farmers,accounting for 75.00%(795/1060)of the total.The highest incidence rate of scrub typhus in Beijing was in the Pinggu district.The number of cases reported in the Pinggu area accounted for 90.19%(956/1060)of the total cases.The incidence of scrub typhus in Beijing was relatively high.The season and area of onset were relatively concentrated.The risk to the population was relatively fixed.It is necessary to monitor the key population in the season of high scrub typhus incidence,and to take preventive measures such as health education to decrease the incidence of scrub typhus.