人轮状病毒疫苗研究进展

轮状病毒(RV)是引起婴幼儿和幼龄动物腹泻的主要病原体,轮状病毒无特效药物进行治疗,只能通过疫苗免疫预防,因此,轮状病毒疫苗的合理应用在降低全世界轮状病毒性腹泻的发病率和死亡率中显得尤为重要。但目前商品化的口服减毒活疫苗存在潜在的安全性问题以及在中低收入国家免疫效力不高的缺陷,需要研发更加安全、高效的疫苗来防控轮状病毒性腹泻。近年来,随着轮状病毒研究的不断深入,鉴定出了新的轮状病毒血清型,并且有4种轮状病毒疫苗通过世界卫生组织的使用资格预审,还有一些新型疫苗正处于研发阶段。本文根据各国学者的研究对轮状病毒疫苗研究进展做一综述,为进一步研究提供一定的参考。

Advances in the development of human rotavirus vaccines

Rotavirus(RV)is a major pathogen causing diarrhea in infants,young children,and animals.There are no specific medicines,thus far,for treating diseases caused by RV infection.The rational administration of RV vaccines,therefore,may be an important way to decrease the worldwide morbidity and mortality due to the severe diarrhea associated with various RV infections.However,the current commercial oral live attenuated vaccines have potential safety problems and confer poor immunity in low-and middle-income countries.Therefore,safer and more efficient vaccines must be developed to prevent and control disease associated with RV infection.In recent years,from further research on RV,various new serotypes of RV strains have emerged,thus indicating that the current commercial vaccines have failed to provide complete cross-protection against infection due to new RV strains.To date,four RV vaccines have been prequalified by the World Health Organization(WHO),and other new vaccines are being developed or are in clinical trials.This review summarizes the progress in RV vaccine development in some countries;this information may guide the development of RV vaccine candidates.