2014年广州市花都区登革热暴发流行病学调查

摘要:目的　对广州市花都区2014年登革热流行病学特征进行分析，综合评价预防控制措施的效果，为今后有效防控登革热疫情提供参考依据和实践经验。方法　应用流行病学方法调查分析登革热疫情的流行病学特点，用布雷图指数和病例发病趋势评价所采取预防控制措施的效果。结果　2014年广州市花都区发生登革热流行，9月1日-11月20日共发现543例，累计发病率 56.30/10万，重症病例2例，无死亡病例。疫情持续 78 d，疫情高峰出现在10月中旬，病例主要集中于花都区城区4个街道与狮岭镇，发病人群以青壮年为主，女性高于男性，职业以家务及待业、农村居民、工人为主，大多数病例表现典型、轻型登革热症状。采集406例进行血标本检测，233 例登革热 IgM 抗体和 IgG 抗体阳性，67 例登革热病毒核酸阳性，106 例登革热IgM 抗体阳性。采取综合预防控制措施后，平均布雷图指数下降到4.52，11月份登革热发病率明显下降，疫情得到有效控制。结论　2014年广州市花都区登革热呈暴发高流行态势，流行特征与广东省、广州市一致。经采取综合防控措施后，疫情得到全面控制。

Investigation and analysis of dengue fever outbreak epidemiology of Huadu District in Guangzhou city in 2014

Abstract: Objective This work was to analyze the epidemiological features of dengue fever in Huadu District of Guangzhou city in 2014, and make comprehensive evaluation to the effect of preventive control measures, so as to provide evidence and practical experience for the prevention and control of dengue fever in the future. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever epidemic. Bretu index and the incidence trend were applied to evaluate the effect of the prevent and control measures. Results Dengue fever epidemic occurred in Huadu District of Guangzhou city during September 1st to November 20, 2014. 543 cases were reported, and the cumulative incidence was 56.30/10 million. There were 2 severe cases but no death case. The epidemic lasted 78 days, peaked in mid-October. Cases were mainly concentrated in four streets of Huadu District and Shiling Town. The incidence was high among young people. Incidence was higher among women than men. In terms of occupation, the incidence was higher among workers, housework people and the unemployed. Most of the cases showed typical symptoms of mild dengue fever. Blood samples were collected from 406 patients. Among them, 233 were positive in dengue IgM antibody and IgG antibody, 67 cases were dengue virus nucleic acid positive, and 106 cases were dengue IgM antibody positive. After the application of comprehensive prevention and control measures, the average Bretu index dropped to 4.52, and the incidence of dengue fever in November decreased, indicating that the epidemic was controlled effectively. Conclusion The 2014 Guangzhou Huadu dengue fever outbreak was at the situation of high epidemic, and the epidemic characteristics was consistent with that of Guangzhou City and Guangdong Province. After taking comprehensive control measures, the epidemic was under control.