非发酵菌感染临床特点及耐药情况

摘要:目的　了解佛山市某医院住院患者非发酵菌感染临床分布及耐药性特点，为预防及治疗非发酵菌引起的感染提供科学依据。方法　回顾性调查2011年1月-2014年12月临床送检的各类标本中，非发酵菌的感染情况。结果　共分离非发酵菌2589株，其中检出率最高的前四种非发酵菌分别为铜绿假单胞菌（PAE）、鲍曼氏不动杆菌（ABA）、洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌（BCE）及嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（SMA）。PAE的检出率在4年里保持平稳，ABA及SMA的检出率持续上升，BCE检出率有所下降。PAE的耐药率较低，除替卡西林/克拉维酸钾外均不超过30%。ABA、BCE及SMA的耐药率较高，高于2012年CHINET的统计率。结论　在医院感染中非发酵菌为重要的致病菌，由于大部分耐药性严重，临床应重视细菌耐药性监测结果，防止医院感染暴发。

Distribution and drug resistance of nonfermenters

Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of nonfermenters so as to provide evidence for clinical use of drugs in Foshan. Methods We conducted a retrospective survey of all kinds of samples infected by nonfermenters from 2011 to 2014. Results Among 2373 strains of nonfermenters, the highest four kinds were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Acinetobacter baumannii (ABA), Burkholderia cepacia (BCE) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SMA). The detection rate of PAE in 4 years remained stable, and the rate of ABA and SMA continues increased, but on the contrary the rate of BCE declined. Drug resistance of PAE was in a low rate, in addition, Ticarcillin/clavulanate were no more than 30%. The drug resistance rates of ABA, BCE and SMA were higher than the rate of the 2012 CHINET. Conclusion Nonfermenters were the major pathogens in nosocomial infections and showd serious drug resistance. Therefore bacterial resistance monitoring should be highlighted and the outbreaks in hospital infections should be strictly controlled.