2009-2014年盱眙县农药中毒流行病学分析

摘要:目的　了解盱眙县农药中毒的流行病学特点，为农药中毒的防治、安全防护措施的制订及施行提供参考依据。方法　收集2009-2014年盱眙县《农药中毒报告卡》中农药中毒病例数据，进行流行病学分析。结果　2009-2014年盱眙县共报告各类农药中毒552例，涉及7大类农药。生产性中毒108例，占中毒总病例数的19.57%，男性多于女性；非生产性农药中毒444例，占中毒总病例数的80.43%，女性多于男性。中毒病例平均年龄（43.95±10.89）岁，主要集中在35～55岁年龄段。生产性农药中毒在第三季度高发，占全年生产性农药中毒的60.19％。生产性农药中毒主要集中在观音寺镇、马坝镇、淮河镇和维桥乡，4个乡镇病例占全部病例的51.85%，而非生产性农药中毒病例较为分散。农药中毒的主要类别是杀虫剂（79.89%），其次是除草剂（8.88%）和杀鼠剂（6.34％），杀虫剂中以有机磷为主，共327例，占总病例的59.24%，其中前三顺位的农药是氧乐果（16.67%）、甲胺磷（12.14%）和敌敌畏（11.05%）。农药中毒病死率最高的前3类农药分别是混合制剂（16.67%）、生物化学农药（16.67%）和除草剂（8.16%）。结论　农药中毒严重威胁着盱眙县公众的健康，非生产性农药中毒应该引起重视，有机磷类杀虫剂是主要中毒农药。

Epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoningin Xuyi, 2009-2014

Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Xuyi, so as to provide effective proposals for the prevention and control of pesticide poisoning. Methods Reported cases of pesticide poisoning from 2009 to 2014 in Xuyi were collected and statistically analyzed using SAS. Results A total number of 552 cases of pesticide poisoning were reported from 2009 to 2013. Cases of non-occupational poisoning accounted for 80.43% (444/552), and occupational poisoning accounted for 19.57% (108/552). The average age of pesticide poisoning cases was 43.95±10.89 years old. Occupational pesticide poisoning is related to seasons, with higher prevalence rate in the third quarter. The pesticide was mainly insecticide (79.89%), weedkiller (8.88%) and rodenticides (6.34%). Among all kinds of insecticides, organophosphorus pesticide poisoning cases was most frequently encountered, and made up 59.2% of the total cases. The next were Omethoate (16.67%), Methamidophos (12.14%) and DDVP (11.05%). The pesticides that had the highest fatality rate were: Multipurpose formulation (16.67%), Biochemistry Pesticide (16.67%) and weedkiller (8.16%). Conclusion More attention should be paid to pesticide poisoning in Xuyi, and effective management measures should be taken immediately．