厦门市城区居民膳食血糖负荷和膳食胰岛素负荷的 现况调查

摘要:目的　了解厦门市城区居民碳水化合物消费情况及膳食血糖负荷及膳食胰岛素负荷的现状，调查膳食血糖负荷及膳食胰岛素负荷与生化指标。方法　根据全国营养调查方案，2010年10-12月对厦门市城区的6个社区居委会成年居民进行调查，采用连续3 d 24 h回顾法对其中的291人进行膳食调查、身体测量及生化指标测量；根据膳食血糖生成指数（GI）和碳水化合物摄入量计算膳食血糖负荷（GL）；根据膳食胰岛素指数（II）和能量及食用频率计算膳食胰岛素负荷（IL）。结果　被调查的厦门市城区成年居民的平均膳食血糖指数为75.2；平均膳食血糖负荷为179.1；平均膳食胰岛素指数为30.4，平均膳食胰岛素负荷为247.2。粮谷类对膳食GL、IL的贡献达92.0%、83.1%。不同GL、IL水平的被调查人群的身体测量及生化指标间的差异无统计学意义;通过多元线性回归分析并未发现膳食GI、GL、II、IL与糖尿病的患病风险有明显的相关性。结论　粮谷类食物是厦门市城区居民膳食GL、IL的主要来源，低膳食GL的人群粮谷类消费低，脂肪消费高，膳食结构不合理；并未发现膳食GL、IL与身体测量及生化指标之间的联系。

Survey on the distribution of dietary glycemic load and dietary insulin load of urban residents in Xiamen

Abstract: Objective This work was to investigate the consumption of carbohydrate and distribution of dietary glycemic load (GL) and insulin load (IL) of urban residents in Xiamen. Methods According to the National Nutrition Survey program, six communities' residents of Xiamen were selected for the survey from Oct .~ Dec., 2010. A total of 219 subjects were surveyed with the 3 consecutive days and 24 hours review method to acquire the food consumption data and underwent health examination. Dietary insulin load was calculated as a function of the food insulin index, and the energy content of individual foods was reported on food-frequency questionnaires. Dietary glycemic load was calculated by GI. Results 92.1% of the dietary glycemic load and 83.1% of the dietary insulin load were from cereals. Dietary insulin load and dietary insulin index were not associated with the overall biochemical index. The dietary GI, GL, II, IL was not positively associated with the risk of diabetes. Conclusion People with low GL tend to consume more fat and less carbohydrates.