某汽车制造公司职业危害现况调查

目的]了解汽车制造行业职业危害和作业工人健康状况，探讨职业病危害因素的联合作用，提出进一步完善现行职业卫生标准建议。方法]依据国家职业卫生标准的要求，对作业场所粉尘、各种毒物、噪声、高温等进行检测和评价。采用职业性健康体检等方法对作业工人的健康状况进行调查研究。结果]工作场所粉尘和毒物浓度均符合国家职业卫生标准的要求。粉尘作业工人检出尘肺病Ⅰ期患者1人；无尘肺0^＋者（即疑似职业病）70人，异常率高达15．05％。噪声强度超标率为45．45％，噪声作业工人检出听力异常者58人，听力异常率高达35．58％。苯作业工人检出白细胞偏低者49人，红细胞、血红蛋白两项偏低者2人。经郑州市职业中毒诊断专家集体会诊，7人被诊断为职业性慢性轻度苯中毒，4人被诊断为苯观察对象。此外，脂肪肝、高血压患病率分别为18．88％、7．35％，占作业工人常见病、多发病的第1、第2位。结论]作业工人整体健康状况不容乐观。低浓度职业病危害因素对生产工人健康的远期影响及多种有害因素对人体的联合作用应引起关注。

Survey on the Occupational Hazards in an Automobile Manufacturing Company

Objective ] To study the occupational hazards and workers' health status of an automobile manufacture company,and the associated action of occupational hazardous factors.Methods] According to national occupational health standard,dust,toxic substances,noise and high temperature environment in the work places were detected and evaluated.Physical examinations of workers were conducted and analyzed.Results] In workshop,the concentration of dust and toxic substances were not high,but the noise level was high,45.45% of the detected results exceeded the standard.Through physical examination of the workers with dust exposure,one case of pneumoconiosis stage I was found,seventy cases were found to be doubtful pneumoconiosis(0~ ) and the prevalence was 15.05%.Fifty-eight cases of hearing impairment were found in workers with noise exposure,the prevalence was 35.58%.In workers exposed to benzene,forty-nine cases had low WBC,two had low RBC and HBG. Based on the consultation by occupational poisoning diagnosing exports of Zhengzhou,7 cases were diagnosed as occupational mild chronic benzene poisoning and 4 cases were doubtful.Furthermore,the prevalence of fatty liver and hypertension were 18.88% and 7.35%,which were No.1 and No.2 among common diseases in the workers.Conclusion] The status of workers' health was not optimistic.Attention should be paid to the early impacts of low concentration of occupational hazardous factors and the associated action of these hazardous fators.