医护人员职业枯竭系统干预的有效性研究

目的 探讨对医护人员职业枯竭进行系统干预的有效性.方法 采用1:1配对法将研究样本分成干预组(n=262)和对照组(n=262),其中,只对干预组实施以建立需求与资源机制、不断增加应对资源、提高个体与工作的匹配状态为目的 ,从组织、家庭、个人三个层面进行干预,发挥一级预防(发展性干预)、二级预防(征兆性干预)、三级预防(枯竭性干预)功能的系统干预,通过对职业枯竭、心理健康状况和满意度的组内与组间比较来评价干预的有效性.结果 干预组与对照组在干预前职业枯竭、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、个人满意度评分的组间比较均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).干预1.5年后,与对照组比较,干预组在职业枯竭总分及各因子分[情绪衰竭(17.54±9.97)分,(14.30±11.87)分,P＜0.01;去人性化(5.29±5.01)分,(4.63±5.65)分,P＜0.05;低成就感(6.47±4.89)分,(5.61±5.10)分,P＜0.01]、SCL-90总分及各维度分、个人满意度评分差异有显著性,而对照组在干预前后各项指标差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 从整体上说,对医护人员职业枯竭进行系统干预可收到明显的效果,更能有效地减轻情绪衰竭、强迫症状、恐怖情绪和提高个人满意度水平.

Effective research for systemic intervention to occupation burnout of medical staffs

Objective To study effectiveness of System intervention to occupation burnout of medical staff.Methods Specimens were classified as interventional group and control group by 1:1 partnership rule.Systemic intervention,which came from organization,family and individual,was only applied to interventional group.The objective was to establish requirement and resource mechanism,continually increase response resource,and improve matching state of individual & job.It allowed full play to the first grade prevention(development intervention),the second grade prevention(symptom intervention)and the third grade prevention(burnout intervention).It determined effectiveness of intervention via indexes of occupation burnout,mental health and satisfaction within group or internal groups.Results Before systemic intervention,there was no significant difference between intervention group and control group(P＞0.05).After systemic intervention,the scores of burnout(emotion exhaustion(17.54±9.97)vs(14.30±11.87),P＜0.01;depersonalization(5.29±5.01)vs(4.63±5.65),P＜0.05;low personal accomplishment(6.47±4.89),(5.61±5.10),P＜0.01),check list-90(SCL-90),personal satisfaction in intervention group showed apparent difference compared with that in control group.But there was no significant difference in control group before and after intervention.Conclusion On the whole systemic intervention to health care staff obtains obvious achievement,effectively reduces emotional exhaustion,obsessive symptom and terror emotion,and enhances individual satisfaction.