上海市社区获得性肺炎发病情况和危险因素

[目的]了解上海市社区获得性肺炎的发病情况和危险因素。[方法]以2所医院诊断的134例社区获得性肺炎患者为病例组，病例同一社区的健康者作为对照组，开展1：1病例、对照调查，研究发病危险因素；随机选择上海市4家社区居委（村）并对所有居民开展入户调查，初步估计上海市社区获得性肺炎发病人数。[结果]上海市社区获得性肺炎患者以50岁以上离、退休人员居多；临床表现以发热（体温≥38℃）、咳嗽、咳痰为主；多因素条件logistic回归分析结果提示，吸烟（OR=2．051）、哮喘（OR=6．152）、慢性疾病史（OR=2．230）是社区获得性肺炎发病的主要危险因素；初步估计上海市每年发生社区获得性肺炎约26997人。[结论]上海市社区获得性肺炎发病水平较高；控烟和治疗哮喘与相关慢性疾病是预防社区获得性肺炎的关键措施，应进一步加强疾病监测和健康宣传普及。

Incidence and Risk Factors of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Shanghai

[ Objective ] To estimate the incidence of community acquired pneumonia in Shanghai and associated risk factors. [ Methods ] A 1 ： 1 matched community-based case-control study was conducted among patients with confirmed community acquired pneumonia and healthy individuals who were in the same community to determine the risk factors. Four communities in Shanghai were randomly selected to perform household survey and estimate incident of community acquired pneumonia each year. [ Results ] Retired residents aged above 50 years accounted for the majority of community acquired pneumonia. The common symptoms were fever （body temperature I〉 38 ~C ）, cough and expectoration. The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that smoking （0R=2.051）, asthma （OR=6.152） and chronic diseases （OR=2.230） were risk factors of community acquired pneumonia. It was estimated that 26 997 incidents of community acquired pneumonia each year in Shanghai. [ Conclusion ] The incidence of community acquired pneumonia is estimated at a higher level Controls of smoking, asthma and chronic diseases are key to preventing community acquired pneumonia, which should be integrated into further disease surveillance and health education.