上海市轨道交通列车车厢空气质量调查分析

目的]了解上海轨道交通列车车厢4个月份空气中主要污染物的污染状况，为疾病预防、卫生监督等工作的开展提供科学依据及合理建议。方法]分别选取上海市轨道交通1、3、8号线路中DC01型、AC01型、C型列车车厢并于2009年5月、7月、11月及2010年1月4个月份分别连续监测3个工作日，每日3个时段。在每个监测点监测细菌总数、真菌总数、一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化碳（c02）、挥发性有机物（volatileorganiccompound，VOC）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）等空气卫生学指标。结果]微生物指标三条线路车厢差异无统计学意义，且全年平均水平均低于参考标准限值。3号线车厢CO浓度明显低于其他线路车厢。1、3号线车厢CO2浓度平均水平高于8号线车厢。1号线车厢VOC、PM10浓度明显高于其他线路车厢。细菌总数在5、7月份存在超标现象，7月份细菌总数最高达87．6个／皿。三条线路车厢的CO2浓度在4个月份均有严重超标，最大浓度达0．37％，细菌总数、真菌总数、CO2、PM10浓度在中午时段明显低于上、下午时段，呈典型的“低谷”状。？VOC浓度在下午时段明显低于上午时段。真菌总数、VOC浓度在7月份明显高于其他月份，且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。PM10在1月份平均浓度最高，最大值为0．278mg／m3，明显高于其他月份。结论]上海市轨道交通列车车厢细菌总数存在超标现象，CO2浓度在4个月份均有严重超标。

A Survey on Air Quality of Shanghai Subway Carriages

Objective ] To collect data of major air pollutants in Shanghai subway carriages in four discrete months and to provide scientific basis and reasonable proposals for disease prevention and health supervision. Methods ] Carriages of DC01, AC01 and C serving Shanghai metro line 1, 3 and 8 were selected and monitored 3 times per day for 3 continuous days in May, July, November of 2009 and January of 2010. The monitoring indices included total colony forming units （CFU） of bacteria and fungi, carbon monoxide （CO）, carbon dioxide （CO2）, volatile organic compound （VOC） and respirable particulate matter （PMI0）. Results ] There was no significant difference in microbiological pollution index among all selected cal＇riages, and the average annual level was lower than the reference standard limit. The concentration of CO in line 3＇s carriages was significantly lower than that in other lines＇. The average concentration of CO2 in carriages of line 1 and line 3 was higher than that of line 8. The concentrations of VOC and PMI0 in line l＇s carriages were significantly higher than those in other lines＇. The total counts of bacteria exceeded the related standard in May and July, and were as high as 87.6 colonies per plate in July. The concentrations of CO2 exceeded the related standard in the three lines＇ carriages in all 4 months and the highest was 0.37%. The total CFU of bacteria and fungi and the concentrations of CO2 and PM10 were significantly lower at noon than in the morning and inthe afternoon, presenting a typical trough shape. The concentration of VOC was significantly lower in the afternoon than in the morning. The average total count of fungi and the concentration of VOC in July were significantly higher than in the other monitored months （P 〈 0.05）. The concentration of PMI0 was significantly higher in January than in other monitored months, with the maximum of 0.278 mg/m3. Conclusion ] The total count of bacteria in Shanghai subway carriages exceeded the related standard. The concentrations of CO2 significantly exceeded the related standard in all 4 months.