温州市某县居民应对台风灾害的防护知识、行为调查分析

目的]了解温州市某县城乡居民对台风灾害的预防、避险、自救互救、减灾等防护知识与技能的掌握情况,为政府制定台风防御应急决策和开展台风灾害健康教育提供依据。方法]2010年12月,选取温州市历年来受台风影响次数最多、程度最为严重的苍南县为调查点,采用多阶段调查方法,共调查585人。结果]苍南县城乡居民的台风灾害相关知识与技能总知晓率为74.3%,城镇居民的知晓率为76.5%,高于农村居民的72.2%,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;城镇居民的防灾防台意识、对台风灾害信息的需求均高于农村居民（P〈0.05）。手机短信、电视、报纸等大众媒体是群众最易接受的健康教育传播方式。结论]温州市苍南县城乡居民的防灾防台意识和台风灾害相关知识与技能有待进一步提高,城、乡的教育内容应各有侧重与不同,要采取有针对性的健康教育传播理论与方法开展城乡台风灾害健康教育,农村居民是教育的重点人群,应以大众传媒为主要的健康教育传播工具。

A Survey of the Prevention Knowledge and Behavior about Typhoon Disasters in a County of Wenzhou

Objective] To assess the knowledge and skills in prevention,danger avoidance,self aid and buddy care,and disaster reduction in facing typhoon disasters among the urban and rural residents in a county of Wenzhou,so as to provide a basis for the government to make emergency defense strategy and carry out health education against typhoon disaster.Methods] A total of 585 urban and rural residents from Cangnan County,which was affected by typhoons most often and severely over the years,were selected for the questionnaire survey with multistage random sampling in December 2010.Results] The total awareness rate of typhoon related knowledge and skills was 74.3%,and that in the urban residents（76.5%） was significantly higher than that in the rural ones（72.2%）（P 0.01）.The public consciousness and information demand on disaster prevention was significantly higher in urban residents than in rural ones（P 0.01）.The mass media,such as cell phone short message service,television,newspaper,were most acceptable to people to receive the health education.Conclusion] The awareness,knowledge and skills of typhoon prevention among the residents in Cangnan need to be further improved.The contents of education for urban and rural regions should focus on different aspects with appropriate health education theory and method.Rural residents are the key population of the education,and mass media should be the major tool to carry out health education.