膝关节软骨退行性变的声像学表现

目的 探讨膝关节软骨不同时期退行性变（退变）的声像学表现，并设立相应的超声诊断标准。方法 对行关节镜手术的9个膝关节用超声术中经皮实时观察，对关节置换术的2个膝关节标本（置生理盐水中）进行离体观察。总结 正常膝关节软骨及软骨Ⅰ～Ⅳ期退变的超声表现。结果 正常膝关节软骨表现为高-低-高“夹心饼断面”样回声带。膝关节软骨Ⅰ期退变通常改变很不明显。Ⅰ期退变软骨表面毛糙，轻度变薄或局部隆起。Ⅲ期退变软骨局部明显变薄。Ⅳ期退变软骨完全缺失。结论 膝关节软骨除Ⅰ期退变外，其余各期关节软骨退变在超声上均有特定表现。

Appearance of the Knee Articular Cartilage Degeneration on Ultrasound

Objective To estimate the sonographic features of different grades of cartilage degeneration of knee-joints and establish a sonographic standard. Method8 Nine knee-joints underwent arthroscopic surgery and two knee-joints underwent total knee arthroplasty were entered into the study group. We used US to study the cartilage lesions which were detected and graded by direct visualization in knee specimens or in arthroscopic surgery. Then, the US appearance of all grades of cartilage degeneration were determined. Results Normal cartilage was typically seen as a homogeneously hypoechoic band with sharp anterior and posterior margins. A grade 1 degeneration usually appeared as the same as normal cartilage. A grade 2 appeared as localized loss of hyperechoic superficial margin of cartilage, focal areas with swelling or thinning mildly. A grade 3 appeared as incomplete loss of cartilage thickness. A grade 4 was shown as complete loss of cartilage. Conclusions Grades 2, 3 and 4 cartilage degeneration of the kneejoints showed some sonographic features.