脊柱结核个体化药物治疗的临床效果观察

目的 探讨药敏试验指导下的脊柱结核个体化药物治疗的临床效果.方法 选择2005年8月至2010年1月诊治的132例脊柱结核手术患者进行结核分枝杆菌培养和药敏试验,随访超过12个月者62例纳入本研究,其中男性37例,女性25例;年龄4～67岁,平均33.6岁.患者均接受手术治疗,术中收集脓液、干酪样组织,常规处理后接种培养液,使用BACT/ALERT 3D细菌自动培养分析系统快速培养,培养阳性者采用改良罗氏培养液按绝对浓度法进行药敏试验,并根据结果制定抗结核化疗方案.术后1、3、6、9、12个月复查各1次,以后每6个月复查1次,观察临床表现及红细胞沉降率、X线片、三维CT、MRI的变化,分析局部及全身结核病转归、术区骨性融合等情况.结果 检测耗时28～58 d,平均42 d;培养阳性率45.2%(28/62).耐药率达24.2%,其中异烟肼12.9%、利福平4.8%、乙胺丁醇3.2%、链霉素9.7%、帕司烟肼6.4%、左氧氟沙星14.5%、利福喷汀1.6%.随访时间12～44个月,平均21个月.术后2周内切口愈合率98.4%(61/62).椎间植骨均获Ⅰ级骨性融合,融合时间8～12个月.结论 耐药结核形势严峻,药敏试验指导下的脊柱结核个体化药物治疗是减少复发、复治的关键.

Therapeutic efficacy of drug susceptibility test-guided individualized anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy for spinal tuberculosis

Objective To investigate the efficacy of individualized anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy guided by drug susceptibility testing for spinal tuberculosis through analyses on the post-operative follow-up outcomes. Methods The diagnoses of spinal tuberculosis were established by clinical, radiological and histological evaluation in 132 patients who were admitted from August 2005 to January 2010, 62 patients (37 male and 25 female) with follow-up more than 12 months in this study. The average age was 33. 6 years (ranging from 4-67 years). The infected samples were collected during surgery. After processed in a routine laboratory procedure, the samples were inoculated into vials of the BACT/ALERT 3D system. The drug susceptibility testing was performed using absolute concentration method, which included 11 first-line and second-line drugs. Four or five anti-tuberculosis drug regimen was chosen according to the results of drug susceptibility testing. All the patients were followed up a month later, and then once 3 months in the following 11 months, and subsequently at intervals of half a year. The clinical status, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR), roentgenogram, MRI and 3D-CT were concerned to estimate the progress of tuberculosis. Results The culture positive rate was 45. 2% (28/62). The average detection time was 42 d (ranging from 28-58 d). The drug susceptibility testing showed a total drug resistance level of 24. 2% : 12.9% for isoniazid, 4. 8% for rifampicin, 3. 2% for ethambutol, 9.7% for streptomycin, 6. 4% for pasiniazid, 14.5% for levofloxacin, 1.6% for rifapentine. The mean follow-up period was 21 months (ranging from 12-44 months). According to Bridwell criteria, grade Ⅰ bony fusion was obtained in all patients in 8-12 months. Conclusion Guided by drug susceptibility testing, individualized anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy for 12 to 18 months is effective for spinal tuberculosis.