江西省2010年农村饮水安全工程水质卫生监测结果分析

目的了解江西省农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况，为政府相关部门提供科学依据。方法对江西省1451个农村饮水安全工程项目进行监测，在枯水期和丰水期各进行1次，每次采集出厂水和末梢水各1份，共采集水样5804份。结果25个县农村总人口956．12万人，自来水人口覆盖率为23．92％；分散式供水饮用水人口占76．08％，水质经完全处理和部分处理的占59．61％，未处理的占40．39％（586／1451）。经消毒处理的工程仅占工程总量的20．26％（294／1451）。地下水占74．64％，地面水占25．36％，18项监测指标中，合格率最低的是总大肠茵群（出厂水合格率为44．69％，末梢水为40．32％），其次是菌落总数（出厂水合格率为82．84％，末梢水为76．81％）。出厂水综合评价总合格率为36．15％，末梢水综合评价总合格率为31，74％，出厂水合格率高于末梢水。其中，地面水的出厂水、末梢水合格率均高于地下水。结论江西省农村饮水安全工程水质合格率较低，以微生物指标超标率最高，农村饮用水安全存在一定的隐患。

Analysis on the Detected Results of Rural Drinking Water Safety Project in Jiangxi Province in 2010

Objectives To understand the sanitary status of rural drinking water safety engineering in Jiangxi Province, and to provide scientific basis for relevant governmental departments. Methods 1451 engineering items in the rural Drinking Water Safety Project in Jiangxi Province were selected, and each item was monitored both in high water flow season and low water season. One sample from the outlet of each water plant and another sample from tap water was collected, with a total of 5804 samples. Results There were 9,561,200 rural residents in 25 counties, the coverage rate of tap water was 23.92% , and 76.08% of rural residents were covered by decentralized water supply. In 1451 items of the project, fully treated and partially treated water accounted for 59.61% , and disinfected water accounted for only 20.26%. Ground water accounted for 74.64% , and surface water accounted for 25.36%. The qualified rate of total coliform counts was the lowest among 18 indicators measured in the study, the qualified rate for water from the outlet of water plant was 44.69% and that from tap water was 40.32%. The qualified rate of total bacteria counts was the next lowest （82. 84% for water from the outlet of water plants and 76. 81% for tap water, respectively）. The total qualified rate of the water from water plants was 36. 15% , which was higher than the tap water （31.74%）. The quality of surface water was higher than the ground water. Conclusions In a comprehensive evaluation, the quality of water in Rural Drinking Water Safety Projects in Jiangxi Province was relatively low, especially on microbiological indexes. There were hidden safety risks on rural drinking water supply.