水库蓄水前虫媒及自然疫源性疾病监测分析

目的了解蓄水前库区虫媒及自然疫源性疾病和病媒生物现状。方法在三峡库区库岸3km内地区监测自然疫源性疾病和虫媒传染病的发病;监测鼠和蚊的种群密度变化。结果2001～2003年自然疫源性疾病年平均发病率为3.22/10万,各种疾病逐年均成下降趋势;鼠密度平均为3.44%,有食虫目小兽、褐家鼠、小家鼠、黑线姬鼠、黄胸鼠等鼠种;蚊密度平均为74.59只/(间·人工h),有骚扰阿蚊、致倦库蚊、中华按蚊、三带喙库蚊、淡色库蚊、白蚊伊蚊蚊种。结论库区存在虫媒及自然疫源性疾病发生,随着三峡新库生态环境的变化,虫媒及自然疫源性疾病极有可能上升或暴发,值得高度重视。

Survey on entomoplilies and Zoonosis-borne diseases before sluicing in Three Gorges Area

Objective To find out the level of morbidity on Zoonosis-borne diseases in the population and the situation of the entomoplilies in Three Gorges Area.Methods Surveillance spots were established to survey the Zoonosis-borne diseases and entomoplilies,and the densities of rat and mosquito were also surveyed.Results From 2001 to 2003, the average morbidities on Zoonosis-borne diseases in the population were 3.22 per a hundred thousand.The morbidities of all the diseases had been descending.The average density of rats was 3.44%. The species were sewer rat, Mus musculus,entomophagous animal and Apodemus agrarius. The average density of mosquito was 74.59 per room, per hour.The species were Xenopsylla mosquito,Culex pipiens and Anopheles sinensis etc.Conclusion There are Zoonosis-borne diseases such as encephalitis B, malaria, leptospirosis and epidemic hemorrhagic fever in population in Three Gorges Area. After sluicing, there is risk of eruption of Zoonosis-borne diseases with migrating of rat and propagating of mosquito, and high attentions should be paid to these changes.