Comparative anatomy of cutaneous muscles of the face |
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Authors: | Y Levet MD |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Plastic Surgery, Hopital Lariboisiere, 2, rue Ambroise Pare, 75010 Paris, France |
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Abstract: | Comparative anatomical studies of monkeys, apes, and humans have clarified essential factors involved in the structure of the cutaneous muscles of the face. Among the finding are that the platysma muscle is a very important entity because it is the only muscle without any bony attachments. In addition, the platysma is a fan-shaped structure that has been divided artificially by classical anatomists into five elements. The parotid fascia forms part of this fan-shaped fibromuscular structure and is not of the deep fascia. As such, these findings require a revision of the classical anatomical concepts of the parotid space. |
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Keywords: | Facial muscles Comparative anatomy Humans Monkeys Apes Platysma Parotid space |
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