嗜人按蚊、中华按蚊现场嗜血习性和传疟作用定量研究

目的观察嗜人按蚊、中华按蚊嗜血习性和传疟作用 ,为探索经济有效的疟防措施提供科学依据。方法以血检阳性病人计算发病率。人工诱饵法观察通宵叮人率。半通宵叮人率与晨间蚊帐按蚊密度之和计算睡前睡后叮人率 ,捕获新吸血按蚊 ,制成滤纸血膜送上海寄研所测定嗜血习性 ,解剖卵巢观察经产蚊比率。结果 1 .嗜人按蚊通宵叮人率平均为 3只 /人·夜 ,中华按蚊为 3 3只 /人·夜 ;睡前睡后叮人率平均分别为 2 .2 8只 /人·夜 ,4.43只 /人·夜 ,与 1 982调查比较 ,下降显著。2 .嗜人按蚊分布区 95 .0 9%的疟疾病人由嗜人按蚊传播 ,4.91 %由中华按蚊传播 ,嗜人按蚊传疟作用相当于中华按蚊的 2 0倍。 3 .嗜人按蚊媒介能量为 0 .0 75 2 ,中华按蚊为0 .0 0 60 ,基本繁殖率 <1 ;临界叮人率大于实际值。结论灭蚊、防蚊和及时治疗病人是防治疟疾的两大关键措施

FIELD-BASED QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON FEEDING HABIT AND MALARIA TRANSMISSION EFFECT OF AN. ANTHROPOPHAGUS AND AN. SINENSIS

Objective To explore economic and effective malaria control measures based on scientific data of feeding habit and malaria transmission effect of An.anthropophagus and An.sinensis . Method Malaria incidence was defined by blood examination, man biting rate throughout the night by human baited bed net method, man biting rates before and after sleep by man biting rate from dusk to mid night and anopheline density in bed net in next morning. Feeding habits were determined by blood membrane in filter paper from newly blood sucking anophelines and parous rate by ovary dissection. Results 1. The average man biting rate throughout the night of An.anthropophagus and An.sinensis was 3 mosq./person/night and 33 mosq./person/night; average man biting rates before and after sleep were 2.28 mosq./person/night and 4.43 mosq./person/night. They were remarkably declined as compared with that in 1982. 2. In An.anthropophagus distribution areas, 95.09% malaria cases were transmitted by An.anthropophagus which was 20 folds higher than 4.91% cases transmitted by An.sinensis . 3. The vectorial capacity of An.anthropophagus was 0.0752 but 0.0060 of An.sinensis . The critical man biting rate was larger than real value. Conclusion The data indicated that vector control, protection of the residents from mosquitoes and case treatment constitute the main malaria control measures.