Low vagal tone is associated with impaired post stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers |
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Authors: | Cora Stefanie Weber Julian F Thayer Miriam Rudat Petra H Wirtz Frank Zimmermann-Viehoff Alexander Thomas Frank H Perschel Petra C Arck Hans C Deter |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charité Universit?tsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany 2. Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 3. Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany 4. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 5. Central Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Charité Universit?tsmedizin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany 6. Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunological Research, Charité Universit?tsmedizin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract: | Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and delayed blood pressure recovery are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Besides this evident link, the vagus is thought to play an inhibitory role in the regulation of other allostatic systems,
including inflammation and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. However, human evidence is scarce. To further explore
these associations and with special regard to the postulated mediating role of the vagus, we hypothesised that subjects with
low vagal tone as indexed by reduced resting HRV would show impaired post-stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine and
immune system markers involved in cardiovascular pathology. 44 healthy men underwent a standardised mental stress test. Besides
continuous measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), and HRV serum cortisol, tumour
necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before, after, 20, and 60 min after stress. Low
versus high HRV groups was defined by median split on resting HRV (RMSSD). The task elicited significant time effects for
SBP, DBP, HR, HRV, cortisol, and TNF-alpha. Subjects with low baseline HRV showed almost no modulation of HRV coupled with
overall reduced HRV levels, and impaired recovery of DBP, cortisol, and TNF-alpha. Confirming our hypothesis, low vagal tone
was associated with impaired recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers in healthy males. The data support
an inhibitory role of the vagus in the regulation of allostatic systems as described in the neurovisceral integration model.
We posit reduced resting HRV as a risk marker for future cardiovascular and other stress-related disease. |
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