The use of prostaglandin E2 in pregnant patients with asthma

Objective

Prostaglandin E₂ is a pharmacologic agent that is used commonly in obstetrics; however, its usage in patients with asthma is unclear. The study objective was to examine pregnant patients with asthma who received prostaglandin E₂.

Study design

All pregnancies that were given prostaglandin E₂ suppositories and/or gel were recorded prospectively from January 1989 through December 2000. Those cases with a history of asthma or active asthma were analyzed for any clinical evidence of disease exacerbation after the administration of the agent. Clinical exacerbation was defined as any respiratory complaint that followed drug usage, the initiation of bronchodilator medications by patients currently not on therapy, or an increase in bronchodilator usage by patients with active disease.

Results

During the study period, 2513 patients received treatment with the cervical ripening gel, of whom 158 patients had a history of asthma or active asthma. Additionally, 536 patients were administered the 20-mg suppositories, of whom 31 patients had a history of asthma or active asthma. Thus, a total of 189 patients with a history of asthma or active asthma were exposed to prostaglandin E₂, and none of the patients had any evidence of a clinical exacerbation of the disease (0/189 cases; 95% CI, 0- 2%).

Conclusion

Based on the 95% CI of these data, the maximum risk for the development of a clinical exacerbation of asthma, if exposed to the obstetric forms of prostaglandin E₂, is ≤2%. Although all drug usage in patients with asthma should be monitored carefully, this information would support the usage of prostaglandin E₂, if obstetrically indicated, in pregnant patients with asthma.