儿童多发性肌炎和皮肌炎临床分析

目的 探讨儿童多发性肌炎(PM)和皮肌炎(DM)的临床特点与治疗.方法 分析1999年4月-2004年6月诊断为PM和DM 6例患儿的临床特点、实验室检查、肌电图和肌肉活检结果,以及糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂治疗疗效和预后.结果 PM和DM患儿均有对称件近端肌无力,皮肤改变为双上眼腧水肿性淡紫红色斑和Gottron征,部分患儿累及关节、心脏、肺脏和消化系统;6例患儿均有肌酶升高,肌电图呈肌源性损害,肌肉活检示肌炎改变;泼尼松联合免疫抑制剂治疗后,肌力恢复至Ⅱ～Ⅲ级约为1～3个月.肌力从Ⅲ～Ⅳ级恢复至正常为7～13个月,四肢肌力早于颈部肌力恢复;血清肌酶1～6个月恢复正常,ESR、CRP、肝功能异常治疗后均恢复正常;6例患儿中5例已停止治疗,最长停药时间为4年,肌力正常,无发热、皮疹等情况,1例治疗中出现对称性腕关节、近端指间关节肿痛,活动受限.结论 PM和DM以肌无力和皮肤损害为突出表现,其他系统亦可受累,各脏器功能评估对诊断和判断疾病严重性非常有益;肌电图和肌肉病理检查是确诊PM和DM及与其他原因引起的肌病鉴别的重要依据;糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂治疗PM和DM安全有效,儿童PM和DM预后较好.

Clinical analysis of children with polymyositis and dermatomyositis

Objectives To analyze the clinical features and treatment of polymyositis(PM) and dermatomyositis(DM) in children.Methods The clinical characteristics,result of blood tests,electromyography(EMG) and muscles biopsy,the treatment using corticosteroid combined with immunosupressive agents and the outcome of 6 children diag-nosed as having PM and DM from April,1999 to June,2004,were anlalysed.Results All 6 patients had symmetric proximal muscle weakness.The skin involvement consisted of the eyes surrounded by a...