装饰材料挥发性有机物致小鼠遗传损伤作用的研究

目的　研究装饰材料挥发性有机物 (VOC)对小鼠骨髓细胞和外周血淋巴细胞的遗传损伤作用。方法　选择 5 5间新装修 (装修半年内 )及 18间 3年内未装修的宾馆客房 ,分别测定其空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和甲醛浓度 ,并根据现场测得的各种有机物浓度 ,用装饰材料在染毒柜内配制接近新装修现场 5、10、2 0、4 0倍的浓度进行动物 (小鼠 )染毒 ,用单细胞凝胶电泳法(SCGE)和骨髓微核试验检测其遗传损伤效应。结果　装修半年内室内空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和甲醛平均浓度分别为 6 .5 0、3.0 0、6 .70、4 1.33、1.70、0 .14mg m3,均高于未装修的客房(0 .0 8、0 .94、1.38、0 .2 5、0 .2 5、0 .0 1mg m3) ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。SCGE检测发现 ,10、2 0、4 0倍浓度组VOC对小鼠染毒 15d后 ,其外周血淋巴细胞DNA断裂高于对照组 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;而骨髓微核试验则在 4 0倍浓度组小鼠微核率明显高于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　较高浓度的装饰材料VOC可引起小鼠遗传损伤作用 ,且SCGE试验比微核试验更敏感。

Study on the genetic damage in mice induced by the volatile organic compounds of decoration materials

Objective To study genetic damage of mice caused by the volatile organic compounds(VOC) of decoration materials. Methods Fifty-five hotel guest rooms newly decorated within 6 months and 18 hotel guest rooms not decorated within 3 years were selected to determine the concentrations of 6 main VOC(benzene,methylbenzene,dimethylbenzene,ethyl acetate,butyl acetate,formaldehyde) in the air.Mice were exposed to VOC with the concentrations of 5,10,20,40 times respectively as high as those present in the newly decorated rooms in an exposure cabinet for 15 days.DNA damage of peripheral lymphocytes of the mice was determined by single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) and bone marrow micronucleus test. Results The concentrations of benzene,methylbenzene,dimethylbenzene,ethyl acetate,butyl acetate and formaldehyde in the rooms newly decorated within 6 months(6.50,3.00,6.70,41.33,1.70 and 0.14 mg/m 3 respectively) were significantly higher than those in rooms not decorated within 3 years(0.08,0.94,1.38,0.25,0.25,0.01 mg/m 3,P<0.01).DNA damage rates of peripheral lymphocytes in the concentrations of 10,20,40 times of exposure groups were significantly higher than those in the control groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the frequencies of micronucleus in the mice exposed to 40 times of concentration was significantly higher than that in control group. Conclusion High concentrations of the volatile organic chemical compounds may cause genetic damage in mice.SCGE test is more sensitive than micronucleus test.