老年原发性骨质疏松症患者现况调查及自我管理模式的构建

目的 探讨构建老年原发性骨质疏松症患者的自我管理模式,为指导患者进行自我管理提供依据。方法选取苏州市某医院确诊为原发性骨质疏松症的患者72例,就相关知识、健康行为、健康信念和自我效能进行调查,分析其存在的问题,依循原发性骨质疏松症诊治指南,初步构建基于健康信念模式、自我效能和自我管理理论的自我管理模式。结果 患者总体认知处于中等水平以下,健康信念和信心处于中等水平以上,其中知识均分（10.14±5.71）分、健康信念均分（141.82±13.00）分、自我效能均分（6.44±2.45）分;而一般资料结果显示患者的健康行为执行状况欠佳,对健康知识的需求各异,需要进行针对性的健康教育。结论 老年原发性骨质疏松症患者的自我管理现状不容乐观,亟待构建具有针对性、能够运用于患者健康和自我管理、且方便可及的老年特异性自我管理模式,并继续进行实证探讨,以臻完善。

Survey on the current situation for elderly primary osteoporosis and construction of self-management model

Objective To study the construct of self-management model for elderly primary osteoporosis,and to provide guidance for the intervention measures. Method 72 patients with primary osteoporosis diagnosed some hospital in Suzhou city were selected and measured on their knowledge, health behaviors, health belief and self-efficacy. Existing problem was analyzed. The self-management model based on the health belief model, self-efficacy, self man- agement theory,the osteoporosis guides and the results of survey. Result Patients＇ cognition was below average level. The health belief and confidence was above the middle level. The average scores was （10. 14 ± 5. 7） for health knowledge, （141.82 ±13.00） for health confidence and （6.44 ±2.45） for self-efficacy. But condition of health behaviors was poor with different needs of health knowledge, the targeted health education was needed. Conclusion The situation of self-management for elderly primary osteoporosis is not optimistic. It needs to be further improved. Targeted and easily practicable elderly-specific self-management model was urgent needed to build and to attainperfect result.