广州市两所医院工作场所暴力现象调查

目的 了解医院工作场所暴力的发生现况并分析其原因,为维护医院正常工作秩序提供依据。方法 调查广州市2所三级甲等医院的卫生工作人员2001年10月至2002年10月中遭受工作场所暴力的情况。工作场所暴力事件的判断标准是,卫生工作人员本人在上述调查时间的1年中,在医院场所遭遇到心理暴力和(或)身体暴力。结果 1043名被调查者在1年中有678人遭受过工作场所暴力,以个人为单位,发生率为65．0％,以心理暴力为主。医生比护士更容易受到暴力威胁,发生率分别为70．3％和67．7％。30～39岁年龄段、工龄为11～20年的医院工作人员发生率最高。男性(11．7％)比女性(5．3％)更容易遭受身体暴力,但心理暴力和性暴力在性别上均差异无显著性。护士和护士助理最容易遭受性暴力。患者家属(64．2％)与患者本人(50．0％)是主要的肇事者,以患者家属为主。没有满足肇事者要求、患者病情无好转或患者自认无好转是发生工作场所暴力的主要原因。结论广州市医院工作场所暴力多发,必须引起重视,实施以法律与教育为主导的综合干预措施,以维护医院的正常工作秩序。

Prevalence of workplace violence in staff of two hospitals in Guangzhou

OBJECTIVE: To understand prevalence of workplace violence in hospital and to analyse its relevant causes to lay a basis for maintaining normal working order in hospital. METHODS: A study was conducted to look into workplace violence situation in health care workers in two large hospitals of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province during October 2001 to October 2002. Workplace violence was defined as any events occurred in hospital staff, who suffered psychological or/and physical violence during the past 12 months. RESULTS: Totally, 678 of 1 043 hospital staff (65%) investigated had such experience during the past year, mainly psychological violence. Medical doctors were more vulnerable than nurses, with prevalence of 70.3% and 67.7% for medical doctors and nurses, respectively. Prevalence was the highest in those aged 30 - 39 years with 11 - 20 years of employment. Man staff were more vulnerable to physical violence than women, with prevalence of 11.7% and 5.3%, respectively. No significant difference in psychological or sexual violence between man and woman staff was found. Frequently, nurses and nurse aides were victims of sexual violence. Usually, troublemakers were patients relatives or patients themselves, accounting for 64.2% and 50.0% of the total events, respectively. Main causes for workplace violence in hospital included unreasonable requirement from patients or their relatives which was not met, or not-so-quick recovery as they desired. CONCLUSIONS: Workplace violence occurred in hospital staff was prevalent in Guangzhou, which should be attached more importance. Comprehensive intervention measures should be adopted focusing on law reinforcement and education, to maintain normal working order in hospital.