农村1～4岁双亲外出留守婴幼儿饮食模式及与其健康状况的关系

目的分析农村婴幼儿的喂养模式,探讨农村双亲外出留守婴幼儿喂养模式与其健康状况的关系。方法从安徽省2个县、12个行政村,选取双亲外出留守婴幼儿和双亲均未外出婴幼儿各212名,使用自编婴幼儿喂养模式问卷进行喂养模式调查,对问卷项目进行筛选,对问卷信度、效度进行评价;对研究对象进行体格发育测量与评价,外周血血红蛋白、锌元素测量,尿碘检测,婴幼儿神经精神发育检查。结果农村婴幼儿喂养模式可分为传统型、动物蛋白型、营养型、饮料型4种类型。双亲外出留守婴幼儿在营养型、动物蛋白型2个维度的高因子得分所占比例少于对照组(P<0.05)。农村双亲外出留守婴幼儿营养不良检出率(4.7%)、营养性贫血检出率(19.8%)、锌缺乏率(46.2%)、碘缺乏率(21.7%)均高于对照组(0.9%,8.5%,34.4%和12.7%)(P<0.05)。智力低下和边缘智力的检出率(3.8%,20.8%)高于对照组(1.9%,10.4%)(P<0.05)。双亲外出留守婴幼儿传统型饮食模式维度低分组营养不良检出率相对较高,而高分组肥胖检出率相对较高(χ2=18.725,P=0.002);动物蛋白型和营养型2个维度均表现为得分较低组营养性贫血和锌元素缺乏检出率高于得分较高组,得分较低组智力低下和边缘智力的检出率相对较高,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论农村留守婴幼儿喂养模式与非留守儿童存在一定差异。婴幼儿营养状况与传统型饮食摄入频率有关,营养性疾病、智能发育与动物蛋白型和营养型饮食频率摄入有关。

Study on dietary patterns and its effect on infant health among left-behind children aged 1-4 years old with both parents working out in rural Anhui

Objective To investigate dietary patterns of left-behind children aged 1-4 years old with both parents working out in rural Anhui,and to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and infant health.Methods In total,424 left-behind children aged 1-4 years old were selected from 12 villages in 2 counties of Anhui province,212 were both parents working out and 212 were both parents not working out.Infant dietary patterns were evaluated by a self-developed questionnaire,the reliability and validity were also assessed.Physical development,peripheral blood hemoglobin,traces elements of zinc,urinary iodine,infant neuropsychological development were evaluated.Results Infant dietary patterns in rural areas could be divided into 4 types,traditional type,animal protein-based type,nutrition-based type and beverage-based type.The prevalence of high score of nutrition type and animal protein-based type of infant dietary patterns in left-behind children were significant lower than those in control group.The prevalence of malnutrition,nutritional anemia,zinc deficiency,iodine deficiency in left-behind children with both parents working out were higher than those of control group(4.7%,19.8%,46.2%,21.7% vs 0.9%,8.5%,34.4% and 12.7%)(P<0.05).The prevalence of mental retardation and mental edge were significant higher in left-behind children than those of control group(3.8%,20.8 vs 1.9%,10.4%).Among left-behind children aged 1-4 years old with both parents working out in rural area,the prevalence of malnutrition was higher in infant with low score of traditional type dietary,the prevalence of obesity was higher in infant with high score of traditional type dietary(χ2=18.725,P=0.002).The prevalence of nutritional anemia,zinc deficiency,mental retardation and mental edge were higher in infant with low scores of animal protein-based type and nutrition-based type dietary(P<0.05).Conclusion The feeding patterns of left-behind children aged 1-4 years old with both parents working out in rural were different to those with both parents not working out.Infant nutrition status was significantly associated with the intake frequency of traditional food.The prevalence of infant nutritional diseases and mental development were significantly associated with the intake frequency of animal protein-based food and nutrition-based food.