重视对视网膜母细胞瘤浸润转移的研究

颅内或全身转移和第二恶性肿瘤是视网膜母细胞瘤（RB）患儿死亡的主要原因。肿瘤的浸润转移是一个渐进连续的动态过程，是肿瘤细胞及其周围环境相互作用的结果；肿瘤细胞的起源、异质性、干细胞特性、黏附性、迁徙性、侵袭性、抗凋亡性、促血管性等都可影响肿瘤细胞浸润转移能力，并受多种肿瘤转移抑制基因和微小RNA的调节。深入研究RB细胞发生浸润转移的临床特征和生物学机制，有助于提高我国RB的防治水平。

Invasion and metastasis of human retinoblastoma

Children with retinoblastoma (RB) typically survive their cancer due to advances in early diagnosis and treatment. Extraocular invasion and metastasis, and secondary malignant tumor carry a very high mortality rate. Prerequisites for metastasis include tumor initiating capacity, altered cellular adhesion and cell motility, resistance to extracellular death signals and disruption of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. All those changes can be determined by the cell of origin and the genetic instability of the tumor, responding to the multiple layers of pressure such as hypoxia, from the tumor microenvironment or niche. The interaction between tumor cells and the tumor stroma is regulated by several metastasissuppressor proteins and microRNA. This knowledge has important implications for our understanding and the treatment of extraocular spreading of RB.