2007年宁夏彭阳县饮茶型氟中毒调查结果分析

目的 了解宁夏彭阳县饮茶型氟中毒的流行现状、病区分布等基础资料,为饮茶型氟中毒防治、监测、健康教育提供科学依据.方法 2007年在宁夏彭阳县抽取4个乡(镇)作为调查点,在每个调查点抽取8～12岁儿童和16岁以上成人(成人中有饮茶习惯者50人为饮茶组,无饮茶习惯者50人为对照组)作为观察对象,采用Dean法检测儿童及成人氟斑牙;用氟离子选择电极法检测饮用水、尿、茶水含氟量,用水浸-电极法检测砖茶含氟量.结果 饮茶组、对照组,儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为24.75%(99/400)、9.50%(38/400)和15.96%(71/445),饮茶组明显高于对照组(χ2=32.73,P<0.05);三种人群尿氟分别为(3.38±2.37)、(2.09±1.33)、(1.41±0.67)mg/L,饮茶组明显高于对照组(u=9.49,P<0.05).4个调查点总的茶水含氟量为(3.63±2.05)mg/L,饮用水含氟量为(1.01±0.49)mg/L.王洼镇水氟[(1.31±0.33)mg/L]超过国家生活饮用水标准(1.0mg/L),饮茶组、对照组,儿童三种人群氟斑牙检出牢及饮用水、尿、茶水、砖茶样品含氟量均高于其他3个调查点(P均<0.05).结论 宁夏彭阳县居民通过饮用砖茶引起蓄积性氟中毒,表明当地存在饮茶型氟中毒病区,其中王洼镇是饮茶型和饮水型氟中毒叠加病区.

Analysis of fluorosis survey result with drinking tea in Pengyang County of Ningxia autonomous region in 2007

Objective To understand current prevalence of fluorosis, of drinking tea type in Pengyang County of Ningxia to offer scientific basis for preventing and curing, monitoring, health education. Methods Four towns were chosen as investigating spots in Pengyang County of Ningxia in 2007, from each 50 children aged 8-12 year old and 50 adults who either had tea or did not were investigated. Dean method was used to measure dental fluorosis of children and adult; meanwhile fluoride content in water, urine and drinking tea was tested using the fluoride ionic electrode method and that in brick tea using water immersion electrode method. χ2 testing, analysis of variance, u test, q test were performed. Results In adult drink tea group, control group, and children, the detaction rate of dental fluorosis were respectively 24.75%(99/400),9.5%(38/400)and 15.96%(71/445), obviously higher in drink tea group than the control group(χ2= 32.73, P<0.05). Urine average concentration of fluoride was (3.38±2.37), (2.09±1.33 ). (1.41±0.67)mg/L, obviously higher in drink tea group than the control group(u= 9.49, P<0.05). In 4 investigation spots tea fluoride averaged at (3.63±2.05)mg/L, fluoride content in drinking water was averagely (1.01±0.49) mg/L, with that of Wangwa Town [(1.31±0.33)mg/L] exceeding the national standard for drinking water (1.0 mg/L), where dental fluorosis rate was higher and fluoride content was higher than that in 3 other investigation spots (P<0.05). Conclusions Residents in Pengyang County in Ningxia who drink brick tea can cause accumulation of fluorine to poison in Ningxia, leading to fluorosis of drinking tea type; Wangwa Town have both drink tea and water fluorine poison.