Solid freeform fabrication of designer scaffolds of hyaluronic acid for nerve tissue engineering |
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Authors: | Shalu Suri Li-Hsin Han Wande Zhang Ankur Singh Shaochen Chen |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA;(2) Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;(3) Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;(4) Present address: Department of NanoEngineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, Atkinson Hall, MC-0448, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448, USA; |
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Abstract: | The field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine will tremendously benefit from the development of three dimensional
scaffolds with defined micro- and macro-architecture that replicate the geometry and chemical composition of native tissues.
The current report describes a freeform fabrication technique that permits the development of nerve regeneration scaffolds
with precisely engineered architecture that mimics that of native nerve, using the native extracellular matrix component hyaluronic
acid (HA). To demonstrate the flexibility of the fabrication system, scaffolds exhibiting different geometries with varying
pore shapes, sizes and controlled degradability were fabricated in a layer-by-layer fashion. To promote cell adhesion, scaffolds
were covalently functionalized with laminin. This approach offers tremendous spatio-temporal flexibility to create architecturally
complex structures such as scaffolds with branched tubes to mimic branched nerves at a plexus. We further demonstrate the
ability to create bidirectional gradients within the microfabricated nerve conduits. We believe that combining the biological
properties of HA with precise three dimensional micro-architecture could offer a useful platform for the development of a
wide range of bioartificial organs. |
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