慢性坏死性肺曲霉病的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨慢性坏死性肺曲霉病（CNPA）的诊断与治疗。方法本研究包括8例2000年至2004年间在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院经病理证实的慢性坏死性肺曲霉病住院病例，结合文献分析其临床表现、影像学、诊断和治疗方法。结果CNPA是少见的一种肺曲霉病。最常见的症状是咳嗽、咳痰（8／8）、咯血（7／8）和全身中毒症状（5／8）。“空气新月征”有提示性诊断意义，在本组共发现4例，实变阴影也较为多见（5／8）。CNPA的病理特点是肺组织内曲霉菌丝侵袭、组织坏死和肉芽形成。结论CNPA的临床表现无特异性，影像学检查在其诊断中起重要作用，其诊断需要病理依据支持。所有CNPA患者都需要系统抗真菌药物治疗，对于病程迁延和反复咯血者可以考虑手术切除。

Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis:diagnosis and treatment

Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the approaches to the diagnosis and the treatment of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis(CNPA). Methods The study included 8 patients with CNPA confirmed by histopathological studies. The patients were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine of Zhejiang University during 2000-2004. The clinical data were analyzed,and related literature was reviewed. The clinical,radiological and pathological characteristics,and the approaches to the diagnosis and the treatment were described. Results CNPA was a rare form of pulmonary aspergillosis. Common presentations included productive cough(8/8),haemoptysis(7/8) and constitutional symptoms(5/8). Radiographically,the air crescent sign was suggestive of the diagnosis,which was found in 4 patients. Consolidation was also common in the other 4 cases. The histological feature of CNPA included the presence of tissue invasion by Aspergillus,tissue necrosis and granulomatous inflammation. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of CNPA are non-specific. Radiography plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of CNPA. Treatment with antifungal medications is indicated once the diagnosis is made. Pulmonary resection should be considered when patients have prolonged illness or frequent haemoptysis.