基于个体层面的流感疫苗接种行为的理论模型概述

流感每年给社会和个人带来了显著的疾病负担，而流感疫苗接种被认为是预防流感、减少流感相关重症和死亡重要的公共卫生措施。我国流感疫苗接种率较低，部分原因是某些因素影响民众个体的接种意愿和行为，对这些因素进行科学研究和开展针对性干预，可有效改善接种情况。在流感疫苗接种行为方面常用的个人层面理论模型有健康信念模型、保护动机理论和计划行为理论等，本文综述了流感疫苗接种意愿和行为研究中常用的理论模型，并对模型实际应用情况及面临的挑战进行总结，为我国相关研究和干预项目设计提供参考。

Theoretical models for influenza vaccination behavior at the individual level

Influenza imposes a significant disease burden on society and individuals annually, and influenza vaccination is considered a significant public health measure to prevent influenza and reduce influenza-related severe disease and death. The low influenza vaccination rate in China is partly due to certain factors affecting the willingness and behavior of individuals to receive them. Scientific research and targeted interventions on these factors can effectively improve the vaccination situation. Commonly used individual-level theoretical models for influenza vaccination behavior include the health belief model, protection motivation theory, and theory of planned behavior. This study reviews theoretical models commonly employed in researching influenza vaccination willingness and behavior. An overview of these practical applications and challenges models is presented to provide references for relevant research and intervention programs in China.