The biology,function, and applications of exosomes in cancer |
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| Authors: | Jinyi Liu Liwen Ren Sha Li Wan Li Xiangjin Zheng Yihui Yang Weiqi Fu Jie Yi Jinhua Wang Guanhua Du |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China;2. Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China |
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| Abstract: | Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm, released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell surface. They can transport nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids for intercellular communication and activate signaling pathways in target cells. In cancers, exosomes may participate in growth and metastasis of tumors by regulating the immune response, blocking the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and promoting angiogenesis. They are also involved in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Exosomes in liquid biopsies can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of cancers. Because of their amphipathic structure, exosomes are natural drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. |
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