Coffee Consumption and the Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the Korean Population |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Urban Society, The Seoul Institute, Seoul, Korea;2. Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;1. Public and Allied Health Department with Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH;2. Social Marketing and Communication, FHI 360, Washington, DC;3. Child Nutrition Services, Auburn School District, Auburn, WA;4. University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Services, Seattle, WA;5. Dining Services, Morrison Living, Sandy Springs, GA;6. Product Management with MatrixCare, Bloomington, MN;7. Food & Nutrition Department with UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside, Pittsburgh, PA;8. Data Science Center, Research, International and Scientific Affairs, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL;1. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences and John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;2. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL;3. Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Agricultural Sciences 216, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI;4. National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD;5. College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan;1. Community Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;2. Canada Nutrition Services, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;3. Departments of Nutrition and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH;4. Clinical Research Program, Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA;5. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;6. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neonatology, Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA;7. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;8. Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, Cedar Knolls, NJ;9. Department of Pediatrics, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ;10. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Evidence Analysis Center, Chicago, IL;1. Global Obesity Centre, School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia;2. Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia;3. Campus Services Division Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThere is a dearth of information regarding the association between coffee consumption and its health effects with respect to mortality among Korean people.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the association between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality risks in the Korean population.DesignThis prospective cohort study had a median follow-up period of 9.1 years.Participants/settingIn total, 173,209 participants aged 40 years and older from the Health Examinees study were enrolled between 2004 and 2013. The analytic sample included 110,920 participants without diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), or cancer at baseline who could be linked with their death information.Main outcome measuresDeaths of participants until December 31, 2018 were ascertained using the death certificate database of the National Statistical Office. Cause of death was classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.Statistical analyses performedParticipants were categorized according to the amount and type of coffee consumed. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality, such as CVD and cancer mortality.ResultsCompared with nonconsumers of coffee, participants who consumed > 3 cups/day had a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.95). Participants who consumed ≤1 cup/day and 1 to 3 cups/day had a reduced risk of CVD mortality (≤1 cup/day: HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.94; 1 to 3 cups/day: HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.96).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that greater coffee consumption is associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality and moderate coffee consumption (approximately 3 cups/day) is associated with a decreased risk of CVD mortality, regardless of the type of coffee, in a Korean population. |
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| Keywords: | Coffee Black coffee 3-in-1 coffee Mortality Cardiovascular disease |
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