神经营养因子修复脊髓损伤的研究与应用

背景：神经营养因子可以有效抑制脊髓损伤后神经元凋亡,促进神经再生及分化,但由于其半衰期短,难以通过血/硬脊膜屏障,无法完成空间重建等限制了其应用。目的：文章综述了神经营养因子应用的研究进展,以便寻找有效的应用手段,指导实验研究与临床应用。方法：应用计算机检索CNKI、万方数据库和PubMed数据库中2001年1月至2011年12月关于神经营养因子修复脊髓损伤的应用的文章,在标题和摘要中以＂神经营养因子;脊髓损伤;干细胞;生物工程;应用＂或＂Neurotrophic factor,Neurotrophin,Spinal cord injuries,stem cell,bioengineer,tissue engineering＂为检索词进行检索。选择文章内容与神经营养因子应用相关,同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。初检得到379篇文献,根据纳入标准选择35篇文章进行综述。结果与结论：针对神经营养因子的应用缺陷进行了一系列的改进与优化。联合应用神经营养因子修复脊髓损伤具有协同作用。利用基因转染技术构建过表达神经营养因子的干细胞模型修复脊髓损伤,使神经营养因子持续分泌,参与干细胞分化。通过生物工程技术,利用水凝胶、纳米纤维支架等与神经营养因子联合,为脊髓损伤修复提供空间通道,重建脊髓神经通路。但如何选择最佳的神经营养因子组合方案及众多材料与神经营养因子的最佳组合,仍需进一步研究。

Neurotrophic factors and spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND： Neurotrophic factors can effectively suppress neuronal apoptosis and promote neural regeneration and differentiation after spinal cord injuries. But the short half-life, poor ability to pass through the blood-spinal cord-barrier and limitation for space reconstruction severely obstruct the applications of neurotrophic factors.
OBJECTIVE： To review the neurotrophic factor research progress and to find out more effective application methods providing assistance for both science and clinical research.METHODS： Papers about neurotrophic factors for spinal cord injuries published from 2001-01 to 2011-12 in CNKI, WanFang, and PubMed databases were reviewed. “Neurotrophic factor; neurotrophin; spinal cord injuries; stem cell; bioengineer, tissue engineering” in Chinese and English served as the search term in the title and abstract retrieval. All the papers closely related to the neurotrophic factor applications were selected and those recently published or in the prestigious journals were selected in the same field. We got 379 initial papers and 41 were reviewed according to the inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： A series of improvements and optimizations have been made for the deficient application of neurotrophic factors. Combined applications of neurotrophins to repair spinal cord injuries have a synergistic effect. Stem cells secrete neurotrophic factors continuously to help injured spinal cord reconstruction involved in stem cell differentiation by gene transfer technology. In addition, through bio-engineering techniques, hydrogel nanofiber scaffolds with neurotrophic factor are made to provide space and channels for neural pathway rebuild after spinal cord injuries. But the best combinations of neurotrophic factors, stem cells and biomaterials need further studies.