辽宁省2001年炭疽流行特征及流行因素分析

目的 调查分析辽宁省2001年炭疽疫情流行特征及流行因素,为加强炭疽病的预防与控制提供依据.方法 根据全省疫情报告资料及暴发疫情现场调查报告对疫情进行流行病学分析和历史比较.结果 2001年辽宁省共发生5起炭疽暴发疫情,发生炭疽病人30例.其中单纯皮肤型炭疽27例,伴发肠炭疽2例,合并脑膜炎1例;死亡3例.调查显示,引起疫情暴发的主要原因是就地宰杀病死牲畜(牛、羊、马、骡等)、医疗人员和居民对诊治和预防炭疽病的知识、常识缺乏,畜间检疫和人畜疫苗接种率低,人群对该病普遍易感.5起暴发疫情均发生在农村,除1例小学生外,其余病例均为农民,以及时间分布、地区分布等特点均与历史上该病的流行特征无明显差别.结论 应加强诊治炭疽病的专业培训,对病例做到早确诊早治疗,降低病死率.向群众宣传预防炭疽病的知识和常识,建议畜牧部门加强畜间检疫,并协同做好人畜预防接种,提高人群免疫力.

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics and Factors of Anthrax in 2001 in Liaoning Province

Objective To investigate and analyse the epidemiological characteristcs and factors of anthrax in 2001 in Liaoning province in order to provide basis for strenthening the prevention and control of antrrax.Methods To conduct epidemiological analysis and historial comparasion according to both reporting data of infectious diseases from whole province and on the spot in vestigating reports on outbreak of infectious diseases.Results There were five happenings of anthrax in 2001 in Liaoning province.There were 27 cases merely with skin anthrax,2 cases superveninging with intestinal anthrax,1 case complicating with meningitis among 30 cases of anthrax.Three cases were dead.The investigation indicated that the main reasons that induced the outbreak of infectious diseases were killing the sick and dead livestock(cow,ship,horse,mule,etc)on the spot,knowledge dificency on prevention and diagnosis of anthrax among medical persons and residents,the low rate of livestock quarantine and livestock vaccination,the common susceptivity of crowds.All five cases happened in rural.One case was a student,the other were peasants.The characteristics such as time distribution and area distribution had no difference compared with original epidemiological characteristics.Conclusion Special training should be strenghthened.Cases should be diagnosed and treated early in order to low case-fatality rate.Prevention knowledge and common sense of anthrax should be propagandized to people.Quarantine among livestock by livestock department should be suggested.The prevention vaccination among human beings and livestock should conducted cooperatively in order to increase the immunity.