安徽省流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学分析及防制对策

目的了解安徽省流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行病学特征,为做好流脑防制工作提供科学依据。方法采用流行病学调查及临床、实验室检测。结果安徽省自2003年起流脑发病增多,2004~2005年度全省报告流脑235例,发病率0.37/10万,病死率8.09%;分布在全省60.0%的县,主要集中在皖南和江淮地区;有明显的冬春季发病高峰,1~4月病例数占总病例数的84.3%;13~18岁、7~12岁病例数分别占总病例数的42.6%和16.6%;全省有6个市发生7起聚集性流脑疫情,其中6起发生在学校;流行菌群发生变迁,以C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌为主。结论应采取以接种脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗为主的综合性预防措施,同时开展流脑病例监测、流脑带菌率监测和流脑抗体水平监测。

Epidemiological Analysis and Control Methods for Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis in Anhui Province During 2004 - 2005

Objective To find out the prevalence characteristics of Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis(ECM)in Anhui Province,and to provide the scientific references for improving the prevention and controlling work of EMC.Methods Epidemiological,clinic,and laboratory investigation were made.Results Since 2003,the EMC cases have risen drastically in Anhui Province.From 2004-2005,235 cases were reported in the whole Province and the annual incidence was 0.37/100,000,the mortality was 8.09%.The cases were distributed in 88.2% cities and 60.0% counties of the Province,but mainly in south and middle of the Province.Most of the cases occurred in winter and spring,which accounted for 84.3% from January to April.The age groups of the highest incidence were 13-18 year-old(42.6%),the second were 7-12(16.6%).There were 7 outbreaks occurred in Anhui Province,6 of which occurred in schools.The prevalent strain has changed,especially ECM-C in Anhui now.Conclusion A comprehensive prevented method-vaccination should be taken and the study of ECM cases surveillance and carriage rates of meningococcus as well as antibody levels in the healthy populations must be preserved.