陕西省镇巴县某校一起感染性腹泻暴发的流行病学调查

目的掌握赤南小学感染性腹泻暴发疫情的原因和流行病学特征，为行政部门制定传染病防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用现场个案流行病学调查、临床诊断和实验室检验。结果共发病84例，罹患率10．64％。实验室检验，生活饮用水3份，菌落总数、总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群均严重超标；产肠毒素性大肠埃希菌阳性率100％，临检粪便产肠毒素性致泻性大肠埃希菌阳性率87．50％。结论赤南乡集中式供水管网和学校蓄水池水被细菌严重污染，学校不能为学生提供开水，学生只能喝生水，是导致感染性腹泻的直接原因。乡政府和学校疏于对供水系统的管理，未制定严格的消毒制度和采取必要的消毒措施，是导致该次疫情发生的关键。

Epidemiological Investigation on An Outbreak of Infectious Diarrhea in A School of Zhenba County of Shanxi Province

Objective]To investigate the causes and epidemic features of infectious diarrhea outbreak and in Chinan primary school , and provide scientific evidence for administration to develop infectious disease control measures.Methods]Field epidemiological investigation of individual case, clinical diagnosis and laboratory tests were adopted. Results]A total of 84 cases were reported, the attack rate was 10.64%. Three samples of drinking water were conducted laboratory tests; the colony count, total coliform, and fecal coliform were all beyond standards seriously. The positive rate of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was 100%, that of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in faeces was 87.50%.Conclusion]Centralized water supply networks and school impounding reservoir of Chinan County was polluted by bacteria. The direct cause of infectious diarrhea was the unboiled water supply for students. The lack of water supply management and strict disinfection measures was the key to the outbreak.