H1抗组胺药物研究进展

人体内组胺受体主要有H1、H2、H3和H4四种受体类型,组胺主要通过受体发挥生物学作用。目前H1抗组胺药物主要用于治疗荨麻疹及其他过敏性疾病,中枢神经系统疾病和前庭疾病。第一代H1抗组胺药物用于治疗过敏性疾病并无规范的研究,多数临床试验不符合当前随机双盲对照试验的标准。与之相比,第二代H1抗组胺药物均有大量充分的试验支持。临床上大部分H1抗组胺药物安全有效,但其中枢神经系统及心脏的不良反应不容忽视。

Advances in H1-antihistamines

There are four major types of histamine receptor,H1,H2,H3 and H4 in human body. Histamine plays its biologic role primarily through its receptors. At present,H1-antihistamines are mainly used to treat urticaria and other allergic diseases as well as central nervous system and vestibular disorders. There has never been standardized studies on the application of first-generation H1-antihistamines in the treatment of allergic diseases, and most clinical trials of these drugs do not meet the standards for randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled trial (RCT). In contrast, the second-generation drugs are supported by large number of normative trials. Clinically, most H1-antihistamines are safe and effective, but the side effects on central nervous system and the heart should not be ignored.