妊娠糖尿病与婴儿神经心理发育的关联性研究

目的 探讨母亲妊娠糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM）对婴儿神经心理发育的影响。方法 采用基于社区的回顾性队列研究设计，选取2019年1月1日—2020年1月1日在徐州某大型妇幼保健中心分娩并在相应社区卫生服务中心建档的产妇为研究对象，以GDM作为暴露因素，则孕期患有GDM的产妇为暴露组，健康产妇作为对照组。采用家庭教养环境问卷，应用年龄与发育进程问卷第三版(ages and stages questionnaire,ASQ-3)量表评估子代婴儿神经心理发育状况，SPSS25.0进行统计分析。结果 本研究共纳入产妇601例，其中GDM 147例，GDM检出率为24.5%。GDM组在婴儿12月龄ASQ总分和沟通能区(CM)、精细动作能区(FM)、个人-社会能区(PS)、大动作能区(GM)、解决问题能区(CG)的得分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。在家庭教养环境中，GDM组在感知/认知和情感温暖的得分低于对照组，在忽视/限制因子的得分高于对照组（P<0.05）。GDM组总发育迟缓检出率高于对照组（25.2%vs. 17.2%,P<0...

Study on the relationship between gestational diabetes and infant neuropsychological development

Objective To explore the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and infant neuropsychological development. Methods A community-based retrospective cohort study was conducted. Women who gave birth in a large maternal and child health center in Xuzhou from January 1, 2019 to January 1, 2020 and registered in the corresponding community health service center were selected. The family upbringing environment questionnaire and the ages & stages questionnaires-3 (ASQ-3) were used to evaluate the neuropsychological development of offspring infants. All data were statistical analyzed with the use of SPSS 25.0. Results In this study, 601 women with 147 GDM cases were included, and the detection rate of GDM was 24.5%. The control group scored more than the GDM group (P<0.05) in the 12-month-old infants with total ASQ scores and communication energy zone (CM), fine motor energy zone (FM), individual-social energy zone (PS), large motor energy zone (GM), and problem-solving zone (CG). In the family upbringing environment, the control group had higher score than the GDM group in the perception/cognitive and emotional warmth and lower score than the GDM group in the neglect/limiting factor (P<0.05). The detection rate of total developmental delay in the GDM group was higher than that in the control group (25.2% vs. 17.2%, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of suspected retardation in the communication area, fine motor area, and personal-social area of infants in the GDM group at 12 months was 2.12 times that of the control group (95%CI: 1.02-4.41), 1.71 times (95%CI: 1.01-2.89), and 2.08 times (95%CI: 1.16-3.71), respectively. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of developmental delay in gross motor area and problem-solving area compared with the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion GDM has an adverse effect on the neuropsychological development of infants. CM, FM, and PS of 12-month-old infants are affected, and their growth retardation may be related to GDM.