第二受害者的经验与支持调查:以某精神专科医院护士为例

目的调查患者安全事件中精神专科医院护士作为第二受害者的经验与支持现状，并分析影响因素。方法2020年9月便利抽取北京市某三甲精神专科医院的280名护士进行问卷调查，采用单因素方差分析、多元线性回归分析方法分析影响因素。结果精神专科医院护士第二受害者负性体验报告率较高，经验与支持得分较高的维度是“心理痛苦”和“离职倾向”。不同年龄段、不同工作年限、经历患者安全事件、直接经历次数不同的护士群体在经验与支持量表总分上有统计学差异（P＜0.05）；直接和间接经历患者安全事件是精神专科医院护士第二受害者经验与支持水平和离职倾向的共同影响因素；年龄＞45岁是精神专科医院护士第二受害者经验与支持水平和缺勤的共同影响因素。结论精神专科医院管理者应重视护士第二受害者的身心健康，建立支持型的安全文化和相应支持性项目，以确保其安全。

The Second Victim Experience and Support Survey: A Case Study of Nurses in a Psychiatric Hospital

ObjectiveTo investigate the experience and support status of nurses in psychiatric hospital as secondary victims in patient safety incidents, and analyze the influencing factors. MethodsConvenience sampling was used to select 280 nurses from a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Beijing in September 2020 for a questionnaire survey. Single factor analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors. ResultsThe report rate of negative experience of the second victim of nurses in psychiatric hospitals was higher, and the dimensions of experience and support score were "psychological pain" and "turnover intention". There were statistically significant differences in the total score of experience and support scale among nurses of different age groups, working years, experienced patient safety incidents and times of direct experience (P<0.05). Direct and indirect experiences of patient safety incidents were the common influencing factors of nurses' secondary victim experience and support level and turnover intention. Age > 45 was a common influencing factor for the level of experience and support of the nurse's second victim and absenteeism.Conclusion Managers of psychiatric hospitals should pay attention to the physical and mental health of the second victims of nurses, establish supportive safety culture and corresponding supportive projects to ensure their safety.