江西省食品中铅和镉污染调查及健康风险评估

目的 了解2018—2021年江西省6类1 065件食品中铅、镉污染状况对居民膳食暴露的健康风险进行评估，为食品安全风险评估提供可靠的数据支持。方法 统计1 065件食品中铅、镉含量，依据GB 2762—2017对样品中铅、镉超标情况进行判定，同时采用危害系数(HQ)对食用途径所致铅、镉的暴露量及健康风险进行评估。结果 食品中铅、镉平均含量分别为0.037 6 mg/kg、0.119 mg/kg，超标率分别为0.75%、7.66%。从年份看，2020和2021年镉的超标率明显高于其它年份；不同地区铅、镉检出率范围为75.47%～90.57%，超标率范围为0～12.96%。江西居民铅、镉每日暴露量分别为0.516μg/(kg·d)、2.036μg/(kg·d),HQ值分别为0.145、2.452。结论 部分食品中铅、镉含量存在着一定超标，江西居民经食品摄入铅HQ值小于1，处于安全水平，但摄入镉HQ值大于1，存在健康风险，可适当减少镉含量较高食物的摄入量。

Investigation and health risk assessment of lead and cadmium pollution in food in Jiangxi Province

Objective To understand the pollution status of lead and cadmium in 1 065 food items of six categories in Jiangxi Province from 2018 to 2021 and to assess the health risk of dietary and provide reliable data support for the risk assessment of food safety. Methods According to GB 2762—2017 national food safety standard-limits of contaminants in food, lead and cadmium exceeding standard in the sample were judged. The data of 1 065 samples were analyzed and used to evaluate the health risks caused by lead and cadmium by the hazard quotient (HQ). Results The average levels of lead and cadmium in food were 0.0376 mg/kg and 0.119 mg/kg, and the exceeding rates were 0.75% and 7.66%, respectively. In terms of years, the excess rates of cadmium in 2020 and 2021 were significantly higher than other years. The detection rate of lead and cadmium in different regions ranged from 75.47% to 90.57%, and the exceeding rate ranged from 0 to 12.96%. The daily exposures of lead and cadmium in Jiangxi residents were 0.516 μg/(kg·d) and 2.036 μg/(kg·d), respectively, and the HQ values were 0.145 and 2.452, respectively. Conclusion The contents of lead and cadmium in some foods exceed the standard to some extent. Jiangxi residents’ intake of lead HQ value through food is less than 1, which is at a safe level, but the intake of cadmium HQ value is greater than 1, which is a health risk. It is suggested to consider adjusting the resident’s diet appropriately and control the intake of food with high cadmium content.